Temperature and pressure – key parameters of air which strongly depend on rise height above sea level. Both phenomena are closely interconnected with each other by the cause of them.
It is required to you
- The textbook in physics, the boiler water.
Instruction
1. Lament in the textbook in physics how liquid pressure at immersion changes deep into it. It is known that liquid pressure at a bottom is much more, than at a surface. This law is called the law of Pascal. It says that pressure of liquid is equal to the work of its density, acceleration of gravity and depth of immersion. It means that the more depth, the is more pressure. This effect is proved only by the fact that the lower layers of liquid are influenced by weight of all top layers. Respectively, the layer, the bigger weight to it is lower it is necessary to hold.
2. Pay attention that in case of the air atmosphere the situation is similar. All atmosphere of Earth can be presented as the huge tank filled with air which bottom is the Earth's surface. The air beds located closer to the Earth's surface are influenced by pressure of all top layers. It also causes the fact that air pressure at increase in height decreases.
3. If at your place there is some water boiler or something similar (a big teapot), then try to make the next experiment. Include heating of water of the boiler and, touching by a hand of its walls, watch in what places water heats up earlier. You will find out that heating happens in the direction from top to down. That is at first the top water layers heat up, then heat extends below and below. And process of heating will extend thus irrespective of in what part of the boiler there is a heating element.
4. Now imagine that all atmosphere of Earth also represents the huge boiler which contents heat up. Hot layers of air climb the same principle up, and to them colder and heavy layers fall by change. This process of heat exchange in physics is called convection.
5. Notice, however, that in a case with the atmosphere there are some differences. All know that at a ceiling in the room is always hotter, than at a floor. But also it is also known that air at clouds is much colder, than at the Earth's surface. This contradiction is caused by the fact that convection takes place in scales of the atmosphere too slowly. Warm air heats up the Earth's surface. At the same time borders of the atmosphere have heat absorber – the fridge. Thus, first, the cold air replacing warm at the Earth's surface too quickly heats up, and secondly, the warm air which reached atmosphere borders is too quickly cooled. It also results in the anomalies specified, apparently.