Bacteria are microscopic monocelled nuclear-free organisms. They are suited rather simply. At emergence of adverse conditions many bacteria form disputes.
Instruction
1. In the nature there is a set of bacteria, various by the form and to features of activity. In a form distinguish spherical cocci, spiral spirilla, rhabdoid bacilli, curved vibrioes. Sometimes they form congestions in the form of chains (streptococci), "grape clusters" (staphylococcus), etc.
2. Bacteria are mobile and motionless. The first move by means of zhgutik or due to wavy reductions of a cage. The majority of bacteria are colourless, but some are painted in green or purple color.
3. Outside of a bacterium are surrounded with the dense cover keeping their constant shape. In their cages there is no issued kernel, and nuclear substance is distributed directly in cytoplasm. In structure and to structure of a cage of bacteria significantly differ from cages of plants, animals and mushrooms, however have with them and a number of common features.
4. Bacteria are widespread everywhere: they live in ices and in hot springs, in air and in water, but especially much them in the soil. The number of bacterial cages in 1 g of the soil can reach hundreds of millions.
5. Some bacteria need oxygen, and for others it is pernicious. On ways of food distinguish autotrophs and heterotrophs. To the first cyanobacteria (blue-green), capable to independently produce organic matter from inorganic, concern the second – saprotrofa and parasites. Saprotrofa eat organic chemistry of the died-off organisms or allocations of living organisms, parasites receive ready food from an organism owner. Among the last there are a lot of pathogenic bacteria.
6. In adverse conditions (in case of the shortage of food, water, at change of acidity of the environment, sharp jumps of temperature, etc.) bacteria form disputes. Cytoplasm of a cage compresses, departs from a membrane, is rounded and forms new, more dense cover on the surface. In a look disputes the bacterium can maintain long drying, cold and a heat, some time keeps viability even when boiling. At approach of favorable conditions for a dispute sprouts and turns into an active bacterium again.
7. Disputes of bacterial cages are adaptation to survival of these organisms in adverse conditions for them. At the same time disputes are easily carried by water, wind, etc., i.e. promote also distribution and resettlement of bacteria which lives in the soil and air much.