The psychology as science in the twentieth century made big jump in the development. If in a beginning of the century the serious crisis in the field of carrying out experiments was observed, then now thanks to synthesis of data of different schools this gap is liquidated.
By the beginning of the 20th age psychologyof as science began to experience crisis. The method of an introspektion progressive once was inefficient, the specifics of mental reality were not specified, the question of communication of the mental phenomena with physiological remained unresolved, the psychological theory considerably avoided experimental work forward.
Scientific minds began to look for new methods in psychology that led to emergence of several schools.
The main directions of psychology in the 20th century
Behaviorism. Had a huge impact on development of psychotherapy, but did not give the answer to many questions. Some scientists considered behaviorism as the primitive doctrine about mentality of the person subsequently. Geshtaltpsikhologiya. The school arose in the form of a counterbalance of experimental psychology. Here the attempt to develop integrity problems which were put down by the Austrian school is observed. Deep psychology. Its emergence is connected with a name of Siegmund Freud. He began to work with unconscious the person, and his followers came to conclusions that there is "a collective Ego". It became huge jump in development social psychology. Karl Jung continued and deepened the doctrine. Cognitive psychology. It is possible to claim safely that this continuation the doctrine of behaviorism, but more profound. The person is considered more fully, the role of his consciousness, perception, and not just instincts is considered. Humanistic psychology. The person is considered as top of creations of the nature. Especially seriously representatives of school considered questions of self-updating of the person. The main objects for the analysis: the supreme values, creativity, freedom, responsibility, love and other. Gradually there is an existential psychology which is designed to develop psychology humanistic.
Stages of development of world psychology in the 20th century
Stage first. Since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the experimental psychology begins to develop. The main contribution at this stage was made by V. Vundt who could make science objective, experimental. Thanks to Vundt, including, crisis in science which led to formation of a set of schools was about to happen. Stage second. At the beginning of the twentieth century, up to the 30th years the methodological crisis is observed. There is no consensus in the scientific environment how to make experiments and that has to act as an experiment subject. At this stage the big role was played by young Soviet school. Stage third. Starting with the 40th and finishing the 60th years, emergence of humanistic psychology is observed. As an object of research informative processes, development of mental abilities and many other things act. The person – already not just an object of researches, but also serious study in terms of humanity. Stage fourth. This stage of development lasts still. The science continues researches within various schools. Much attention is paid to an experiment, all new methods on diagnostics begin to appear. Separate schools begin to unite to open the new horizons in development of science.