Banks are institutions which are engaged in monetary operations on a professional basis. Banking arose in the ancient time, its emergence is connected with distribution of monetary goods turnover.
Instruction
1. There is a set of confirmations to the fact that people who lent money under percent that is usurers, appeared already in the ancient states of the Middle East. By 8th century BC when the mankind became active to use stamping coins from metals, there were professional private banks which not only issued the credits, but also accepted deposits, stored valuable things and documents of citizens.
2. There is a theory that jewelers at whom in warehouses too many jewelry accumulated became the first professional bankers. They gave them for a while to other people, drawing interest for it.
3. Already in ancient Babylon bank notes appeared: the person checked money or jewelry in bank, and the bank wrote out to it the special receipt on which it was possible to take away the contribution subsequently. Now became possible to pay not in money, but bank notes.
4. Private banks of Greece - a trapezita - issued the credits on the security of almost any property - from houses to slaves.
5. Temples were the centers of banking in ancient time also. Clients trusted them as for safety of means it was possible not to worry, temples were very strong and influential institutions of the ancient world. It is known that they gave means in loans not only to individuals, but also the authorities.
6. Banks of Ancient Rome resembled modern, it were institutions by about tens of workers who issued the credits, accepted deposits, exchanged money, held auctions, mediated.
7. The Christianity considered usury a terrible sin, Popes damned medieval bankers and exempted their debtors from payment of taxes. But by Renaissance the banks found former force, copying of entries in bank books, without real exchange of money became the most convenient payment method of large purchases.
8. In 1694 the Bank of England which fixed capital was not provided with real resources opened, and it was placed in the state percentage papers.