The problem of origin of people concerns mankind for a long time. Various national legends, legends, legends, religious exercises in own way explain this question. Scientific vision of a problem is based on the basis of the theory of evolution.
Anthropology and anthropogenesis
Origin and evolution studies the personof anthropology. Within this science, answers to the questions connected with process of formation of the person, development of its work, the speech, public way are looked for. This process received the name of anthropogenesis.
Modern scientific ideas of origin of the person are based on that idea that he left fauna. However the widespread opinion in use as if the person occurred from anthropoids, is quite misleading: evolution of the person and anthropoids – the parallel, deeply dispersing development branches.
When there were first primacies
According to finds of anthropologists, the first primacies appeared in Africa 70-60 million years ago. They occurred from primitive insectivorous animals. First they had to compete for food and "place in the sun" to rodents because of what they passed to a wood way of life. This fact led to development in them of characteristic features, such as: five-fingered extremities, acute three-dimensional eyesight, big and difficult brain. Millions of years ancestors of the person lived on trees in roast and a humid climate. About 25 million years ago from the general form of primacies two branches developing further independently of each other dispersed. The first branch led to appearance of anthropoids, the second came to the end with appearance of the person.
Anthropogenesis stages
In anthropogenesis allocate four stages: predecessors of the person (protoantropa), the most ancient people (arkhantropa), ancient people (paleoantropa) and fossil people of modern anatomic type (neoantropa). Predecessors of the person lived 6-1 million years ago. Their remains were for the first time found in South Africa. They already resembled people much more, than modern anthropoids. Due to the transition to bipedalism the skeleton and muscles of back extremities most significantly changed. Protoantropa got food hunting and collecting. In hunting for animals they began to use stones as throwing weapon. Separate groups of protoantrop learned to make later the simplest instruments of labor and to extract fire, having got thereby advantages before other animals. They developed to the most ancient people – arkhantrop. The most ancient people had an articulate speech that was promoted by increase in volume of a brain and complication of its structure. They could manufacture various tools of a stone and more skillfully process it. Remains of ancient people – paleoantrop – were for the first time found in Germany in the valley of the Neandertal River from where their other name – Neanderthal men went. They lived on Earth during Ice Age, took refuge in caves, supported fire, learned to make clothes of animal skins for protection against cold. The people of modern anatomic type who appeared 60-50 thousand years ago began to force out ancient people promptly. They were physically weaker than the last, but possessed more developed brain. For the first time their remains were found in France in a grotto Kromanyon therefore they are called also kromanyonets. The branch of the homo sapiens begins with them.