For many decades of scientists the question from where people appeared torments. Followers of various theories argue to this day, not in forces to be defined whether the mankind is divine providence, whether people by means of extraterrestrial civilizations or result of our emergence – evolution of the person from ancient primacies appeared.
Stages of evolution of the person
Charles Darwin, the English scientist and the traveler, is a creator of the theory based that monkeys were primogenitors of modern people. The evolution of the person put in Charles Darwin's idea found the supporters and opponents. The church in every possible way rejects this theory, considering that the person was created by God and about any evolution and the speech cannot be. The scientists supporting Charles Darwin's idea distinguish several stages of evolution of the person. On the way to a modern image the people changed gradually, each stage of development has the distinctive features.
Australopithecuses
Many millennia back the first primacies began to go on two extremities, evolution of the modern person so began. Australopithecuses resembled monkeys, their brain was very small, growth is small. The average representative of Australopithecuses seldom grew up more than 1.5 m. Short legs and long hands were distinctive feature of these ancient people, the body was covered with wool. Straightening of a backbone became the first step in development of the person. The important role in development of Australopithecuses was played by use of primitive instruments of labor: stones, sticks, fragments of bones.
Skillful person
Remains of ancient people everywhere dig out on the African continent still. Finds paleontologists confirm Ch. Darwin's theory about the main stages of evolution, development of the person went gradually, the era of Australopithecuses was replaced by the period of the person skillful – Homo hablilis. These ancestors of people had the distinctive features:
- The human height of skillful could reach 1.6 m.
- Evolution of the person affected the brain sizes, the volume of a skull reached 650-700 cc.
- Teeth became less.
- The gait became more flexible.
- The name "skillful" characterizes use of the upper extremities for capture of instruments of labor.
Orthograde person
Homo erectus replaced in an evolutionary chain of the person skillful. Erektus not strongly added in growth, the volume of his brain became more in comparison with predecessors, and reached 900-1200 cc that played a significant role in formation of the person. The gait became similar to movement of modern people that was promoted by development of a skeleton. Evolution of the orthograde person went rapidly. The person learned to extract fire and began to make clothes and more advanced instruments of labor. Eating of thermally processed food allowed to decrease jaws.
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens – the homo sapiens, became the last in an evolutionary chain of Charles Darwin. Intellectual development of this type of people reached the maximum level, they also are considered as our ancestors. The homo sapiens learned to adapt to environmental conditions, began to use more perfect instruments of labor, to develop new lands in search of the best place for existence. Scientists consider the most important achievements of the homo sapiens:
- Breakthrough in psychological and spiritual development, the aspiration to self-knowledge entailed emergence of painting in the form of the first rock paintings.
- People needed to express emotions by means of the speech, the first sounds and words appeared.
- The homo sapiens began to impart knowledge to the tribespeople, to share experience.
- Development of intelligence entailed emergence of more perfect tools for hunting and work.
- The person learned to tame wild representatives of fauna and to grow up plants for own application.
Factors of evolution of the person
Charles Darwin paid much attention in studying evolution of the person to the factors influencing changes in an image and consciousness of ancient people. Throughout long time of people evolved from an ordinary apelike being in the reasonable conceiving person. In the theory of origin of people the special place is allocated to the factors influencing the speed of development of humanity. Scientists divide two types of factors:
- biological;
- social.
Biological factors of evolution of the person
The main driving force of evolution of the person it is possible to call the biological factors influencing transformation of the Australopithecus into the homo sapiens. Environmental conditions in which ancient people lived forced them to adapt that caused changes not only in appearance, but also in intellectual development. Biological factors of stages of anthropogenesis can be divided into three views:
- Fight for existence – the main biological factor in evolution of mankind. This emergence of the competition between living beings as a result of which the one who managed to adapt to the changing living conditions better survives.
- Natural selection – evolutionary process as a result of which survive and only those individuals who were stronger than the fellows continue to breed. The destiny of the others – to die.
- Hereditary variability – ability of living beings to receive the updated signs in the course of life, and to transfer to their future generations.
Social factors of evolution of the person
Many scientists continue to ask a question today why the person could progress in the development so far, and any other species of animals did not manage to become reasonable. Arguing what factors of evolution of the person carry to social, it is important not to forget about the following components of an evolutionary step:
- Straightening of a backbone and ability to move directly.
- Development of thinking.
- Ability of production of primitive instruments of labor.
- Appearance of communities and families.
- Development of inclinations of the speech.
- Training to extract fire and its use for heating and cooking.
Present stage of evolution of the person
If for ancient people the biological factors played a crucial role, now to the forefront there are social components. Biological laws cannot be written-off, their influence on development of humanity is big. Evolutionary changes of living organisms cannot be stopped, the human look changes from year to year. Marriages consist between various representatives of races, any barriers are considered as prejudices presently, it leads to expansion of a genotype of mankind and emergence of new types of races. Social evolution allows to develop to everyone.
Evolution of the person in the future
About what changes wait for mankind in the future, many modern scientists reflect. To foresee that else will change in people, it is difficult because evolution happens not for one millennium. There is a theory according to which changes of the person in the closest 200 thousand years will be visible if the population of Earth continues to develop on the existing scenario.
- A large number of mixed marriages results in monoethnicity – all people will become similar at each other, the expressed races will not be.
- Modern people actively watch over the health, measure a hormonal background, take dietary supplements and medicine. It will lead to falling of immunity in the future.
- The technical revolution, modern gadgets, devices working on control panels, clever systems – all this leads to an atrophy of muscles of the person, the physical force will not be necessary to him any more.
- Various food, lack of deficiency in products leads to the accelerated growth of mankind, in 50 years the population of Earth grew by 10 cm, and this process does not stop.
- The mankind is threatened by change in functions of a brain, many noticed that their memory became worse, than earlier. The brain does not need to remember large volumes of information, everything is stored in the Internet, gadgets and so forth.
Myths about evolution of the person
Scientists investigate the past of mankind, and the fact that it seemed a fantasy earlier, becomes our past. There is a set of myths about the evolutionary theory about which each modern person needs to know. Top-3 the most surprising myths look as follows.
- Myth No. 1 says that there is no enough the found remains of ancient people, and all theory of Darwin has no evidence. Actually in different parts of the world, from Africa to China find remains of Neanderthal men and other types of our ancestors these are direct proofs of evolution of the person.
- Myth No. 2 claims that the majority of the found remains – forgeries. This myth is based on the only exposed fake fact, a so-called "piltdaunsky skull". All other finds are considered as original.
- Myth No. 3 refutes the theory of evolution, referring to the fact that the person and a monkey various – at the person have a quantity of chromosomes them 46, at a monkey 48. Scientists consider that it is possible if two chromosomes of monkeys united in one, it is scientifically recorded at some animals that allowed monkeys to evolve.
Evolution of the person movies
Movies about development of humanity hold a specific place in the ratings of the known film festivals, interest in this subject does not cool down to this day. Fantastic dramas about evolution of development of the person keep the audience in suspense and set thinking on meaning of life and eternal values. It is necessary to distinguish the following from the most popular movies about evolution:
- "Evolution", 2001, USA. The movie about how as a result of falling of a meteorite on Earth growth of new bacteria begins, there are dinosaurs and new, earlier unknown organisms then it becomes clear how the person evolved.
- "Million years B.C.", 1996, Great Britain. The movie about difficult existence of people in prehistoric times which had to wander, being expelled from the tribe.
- "Planet of monkeys", 2001, USA. A fantastic story about evolution of primacies in the near future therefore monkeys became reasonable and began real war against people.
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