Acids – the special class of chemical compounds including a large amount of substances. Their water solutions sour on taste, they possess irritant action. Acids are various and are subdivided on many signs: to force, stability, content of oxygen or its absence, volatility, solubility. There is one more sign which is called basicity.
Instruction
1. To define basicity of acid, estimate chemical compound, it can be inorganic and organic. The fact is that any inorganic acid consists of one or several ions of hydrogen and anion of the acid rest. Organic consists of a hydrocarbon basis (in certain cases, for example, at amino acids still the radicals containing nitrogen are a part of a molecule) and one or several functional carboxyl groups: - SOON.
2. If you deal with inorganic acid, the size of its basicity is defined by quantity of ions of hydrogen in a molecule. Here, for example, hydrochloric acid (HCl). Its molecule consists of one ion of hydrogen and one ion of chlorine, therefore, it is monobasic. Hydrofluoric (or fluoric) acid (HF) – too monobasic. Monobasic acid is nitric (HNO3).
3. And if it was talked of organic acid? For example, about the vinegar which is available in the house, it is acetic acid with CH3 formula – SOON. What its basicity? Look how many functional carboxyl groups in its structure. Only one, so this acid too monobasic.
4. For certain you had to see soda clearing process that is when influenced baking soda (NaHCO3) vinegar. Right there rough hissing began. Why? Yes because very weak coal acid (H2CO3) which decayed practically at once on water and carbon dioxide was formed, there was a reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O. This acid – bibasic, as as a part of its molecule two ions of hydrogen. By the way, majority of other bibasic acids, for example, hydrosulphuric H2S or sulphurous H2SO3 too weak. The exception is made, perhaps, by only widely known sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It is very strong.
5. And what at organic acids? For example, oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH) too bibasic, in its structure two carboxyl groups. There are also three-main inorganic acids, for example, boric (H3BO3), orthophosphoric (H3PO4), lemon (C6H8O7).