The volume fraction is the size characterizing the relation of volume of any component which is a part of mix to total amount. It is measured or as a percentage, or in unit shares. As it is possible to define a volume fraction if it is, for example, about mix of gases.
Instruction
1. Let's assume, you are faced by such task. The mix consisting of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon, for example, from methane and ethylene is given. Mix volume – 1200 milliliters. It was passed through bromic water which weight of 80 grams, and bromine content – 6.4%. Bromic water became colourless. It is necessary to define what volume fraction of each hydrocarbon.
2. First of all, remember that saturated hydrocarbon methane just cannot react under such circumstances with bromine. Therefore, only ethylene interacted with bromine. Reaction proceeded according to the following scheme: C2H4 + Br2 = C2H4Br2.
3. Apparently, theoretically with one moths of ethylene one mol of bromine interacts. Calculate how many moths of bromine took part in reaction.
4. Count a mass fraction of bromine. You know that the lump of bromic water – 80 grams. Increase it by halogen percentage: 80 x 0.064 = 5.12 grams. Was bromine so much.
5. Now calculate how many moths this quantity is. Determine by Mendeleyev's table that the atomic mass of bromine is approximately equal 80, and considering that its molecule diatomic, molar weight will be leveled by about 160 g/mol. Therefore, 5.12 grams of bromine make 5.12/160 = 0.032 asking.
6. After that the solution of a task becomes very simple business. Under the terms of reaction with bromine also entered interaction 0.032 asking ethylene. And you know that under normal conditions 1 mol of any gas occupies volume, approximately equal 22.4 liters. Proceeding from it, you will easily find the volume occupied by ethylene: 0.032*22.4 = 0.7168, or in round figures — 0.72 liters. Here such volume of one of components of this mix. Therefore, the volume of the second component, methane is equal 1200-720 = 480 milliliters.
7. Volume shares of components: 720/1200 = 0.6. Or 60% - for ethylene.480/1200 = 0.4. Or 40% - for methane.