This danger cannot be found by means of natural human feelings. It is silent and invisible, has no color, taste and a smell. The only way to find radiation is use of the hair partings called dosimeters and radiometers.
It is required to you
- – dosimeter or dosimeter radiometer.
Instruction
1. To have an opportunity to measure radiation, buy the dosimeter. It is necessary to buy the individual amateur (household) device, professional too massivna and roads.
2. It is necessary to distinguish dosimeters and radiometers. The last serve for measurement of radiation which proceeds from the polluted objects and surfaces. Radiometers define quantity of the particles crossing unit of area of the detecting device block per unit of time. Dosimeters serve for measurement of an effective equivalent dose of radiation which characterizes not only the radiation, but also its impact on a human body. As most of us interests not radiation level in itself, and its impact on our health, it is necessary to use for measurements the dosimeter.
3. Easy and compact modern dosimeters can work also as the radiometer, switching of functions is carried out by a key. It is possible to install giving of the sound signal joining at a certain level of radiation in devices. It is necessary to consider that the error of the cheapest dosimeters (for example, KS-05 of "TERRA-P") can reach 20-30%. The microroentgen in hour (μR/hour) or microsievert in an hour (μSv/hour) can be unit of measure of devices. 1 Sievert (Stars) = to 100 X-rays (P), according to 1 μSv/h = 100 μR/h.
4. To define to what radiation you are exposed, measure the dosimeter a radiation background. The device will show radiation dose in μSv/h. The annual dose of radiation will be equal to the work of that value which shows the device, on a number of hours in a year, equal 8760. The radiation background usually fluctuates in the range of 0.08-0.3 μSv/h. If the device shows 0.15 μSv/h, the annual dose of radiation will make 0.15х8760 = 1314 μSv/year or 0, 001314 Stars/year.
5. To understand, it is a lot of or a little, compare the received value to admissible and critical doses which are the following: • 0.005 stars – an admissible dose of radiation of the civilian population in a year; • 0.05 stars – an admissible dose of radiation of working personnel in a year; • 0.1 stars – admissible single radiation of the population in case of accident; • 0.25 stars – admissible single radiation of personnel in case of accident; • At a dose of 0.75 stars there occur minor short-term changes in blood; • At a dose of 1 stars there can occur development of radiation sickness; • At a dose of 4-5 stars - a half irradiated perishes within 1-2 months.