Thermal losses at the big extent of pipelines are simply inevitable, but a task of the serving organizations - to reduce to a minimum reduction of temperature by ways from a source to end users - heating devices.
Instruction
1. During repair of heating mains, pointed measurements of various indicators are carried out. The purpose of it is definition of real service conditions and a condition of pipelines. At the same time for calculation of heatlosses the simple technique based on knowledge of physical laws of transmission of energy is used.
2. The essence of the specified technique is that at the known decrease in water temperature or other heat carrier from one point to another at an invariable expense it is easy to define loss on this site of a heating main limited to the initial and final point of measurement. The received indicators recalculate taking into account average annual conditions and compare to standards which are provided for this territory in graphics of temperature of heat supply. The coefficient received when comparing real and standard data shows how actual losses exceed standard values.
3. For measurement of temperature of the heat carrier, the surface of the pipeline in a point of measurement has to be without rust. To provide validity of the obtained data, surely check device accuracy, and pipes on the ends of the explored site have to be one diameter. Taking into account these requirements the measurements carry out in wells and thermal cameras.
4. To learn a water consumption on each site, use the ultrasonic flowmeter. In certain cases enough these heat meters which are installed on buildings — consumers of the studied network. Knowing a consumption of hot water in the boiler houses, buildings consuming heat from the surveyed site it is possible to learn an expense on all sites of the CU.
5. Calculation methods are often based on standard data which do not consider real distribution of temperature throughout the pipeline – because of cooling of the heat carrier there is a decrease in a temperature pressure. As a result unaccounted distribution of streams often leads to mistakes. It is possible to use such methods only at service of technical networks which have power to 6 Gcal/hour. More powerful systems of heat supply assume regular actual calculation on the basis of measurements of times in 2 years.