In terms of classical physics it is possible to call a spring the device which accumulates potential energy by change of distance between atoms of material of which this spring is made. By the form the perceived loading of a spring are differentiated on: springs of compression, spring of a bend, spring of torsion and spring of stretching. At characteristic of each such spring the important value is given to coefficient of its rigidity.
It is required to you
- - spring;
- - ruler;
- - cargo;
- - handle;
- - notebook;
- - calculator.
Instruction
1. Pay attention that at deformations springs there is a force seeking to restore the initial sizes and a shape of this body. This force is caused by the electromagnetic influence arising between atoms and molecules of substance of which the spring is made. This force is called elastic force. The simplest look – deformation stretchings and compression.
2. Fix vertically one end of a spring, leave its second end free. Then measure by a ruler length of this spring: write down the received result in a notebook, having designated it h1.
3. Suspend hundred-gram cargo on the free end of a spring and repeatedly measure its length. Write down the result received during measurement in a notebook, having designated it h2.
4. Calculate absolute lengthening of a core which represents a difference between h2 and h1. At small stretchings or compression of a spring the elastic force is proportional deformation: it is sent to the opposite direction from movement of particles of a body at deformation. That is, Fupr = |kx| where k is also rigidity coefficient. This ratio expresses Hooke's law essence. So, to find coefficient of rigidity of a spring, it is necessary to divide force of stretching of a body into lengthening of this spring.
5. Without knowing what spring stretching force is equal to, it is impossible to calculate coefficient of its rigidity therefore find stretching force. Elastic force or stretchings counterbalances the gravity operating on the suspended cargo. This force arises only at deformation of a body. So, Fupr = - N = - mg. From this it follows that mg = kx. So, k = mg/x. Substitute the known values in a formula and calculate coefficient of rigidity of a spring.