Researches in science aim not only at collecting new data, but also identification of regularities which were not known earlier. On the basis of knowledge of a subject of scientific researches the scientists seek to make new discoveries. It is considered that the main role in science is played by accident and favorable circumstances. Purposefully to make discovery, it is necessary to use system approach and methodology of search.
Instruction
1. Regularly and systematically deepen and expand knowledge in the sphere chosen by you. You need to have an idea of the reached level of development of concrete science. In it manuals, monographs by scientists and fresh publications will help with scientific publications. Quite often the new facts received during the experiments, but which meanwhile did not find explanations become a basis for opening.
2. Study and adopt the research methods accepted in this branch of science. Important not only to have an idea of how to make the simplest experiments, but to understand for itself a methodological basis of researches. The research methodology in natural sciences in very considerable degree depends on that equipment which the scientist and also from the scientific and world outlook concept to which the researcher adheres has.
3. Start collecting the primary data characterizing that area of knowledge which are in focus of your scientific interests. They can be received during the independent experiments and also at attentive and system studying results of the researches published in the press. High-quality and systematic selection of data will allow to create a basis for the analysis of the phenomena and detection of the hidden regularities.
4. Pay attention to the phenomena which are widely known, but differ in strangeness. Existence of "anomalies" in behavior of an object of a research which do not keep within a framework of the settled scientific representations is concealed most often in themselves by new opening. Quite often scientists close eyes to existence of strangenesses, including them manifestation of unsuccessful experiments. The thoughtful researcher has to try to find a reasonable explanation for each artifact.
5. Use the addresses method of a research task. When the scientist seeks to find an explanation for some unusual fact, it usually asks so: "What caused this phenomenon? How to explain it?". Other approach is more effective. It is necessary to reformulate a research task, having raised a question in other plane: "How to achieve that this phenomenon under the set entry conditions occurred?". By search of the solution of the turned task it is required to analyze the resources which are in a system capable to bring the phenomenon to life.
6. Look for theoretical difficulties and contradictions. Exactly here unexpected opening sometimes disappear. To receive new knowledge, it is required to establish those facts or the phenomena which need to be taken for reliable that the difficulties arising in the theory disappeared. This part of scientific work usually is beyond experimental work and demands comprehensive and deep considering.
7. At last, try to find "white spots" in already known phenomena which became independent discoveries. For example, if it is about physics, pay attention to the range of temperature and pressure, speeds investigated by predecessors and distances. Having expanded an experiment framework, it is possible to find the new facts which can quite become even a basis for creation of the new theory. So, for example, there was a theory of superconductivity based on opening of the corresponding phenomenon.