One of the major concepts of organic chemistry is - an isomerism. Its sense is that there are substances differing spatial arrangement of the atom or the atomic groups at the same time having the identical molecular weight and structure. The main reason that in the nature a huge variety of organic matter is observed also consists in it.
It is required to you
- How to make isomer we will consider on the example of C6H14 alkane
Instruction
1. At first it is necessary to make a formula of a hydrocarbon skeleton in an unbranched look, proceeding from its these molecular formulas.C – With – With – With – With - With
2. To number all atoms carbon. 1 2 3 4 5 6 With – With – With - With – With - With
3. Knowing that carbon chetyrekhvalenten to substitute hydrogen atoms a carbon chain. 1 2 3 4 5 6 CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
4. Reduce a carbon chain by one atom, having arranged it in the form of a side branch. It is important to understand that side atoms of a chain of carbon cannot become side branches. With - With - With - With - With With
5. From outside, to which the side branch is closer begin numbering of a chain, and then place hydrogen atoms, following rules of valency. 1 2 3 4 5 CH3 – SN - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 CH3
6. If there is an opportunity to arrange a side branch at other atoms of a carbon chain, make all possible isomers. 1 2 3 4 5 CH3 - CH2 – SN - CH2 - CH3 CH3
7. If for a side branch there are no opportunities any more, reduce an initial chain of carbon by one its atom, at the same time having arranged it as a side branch. Do not forget that at one atom in a carbon chain there are no more than two branches. With With - With - With - With With
8. Number a new chain atom from the same edge to which the branch is closer. Add hydrogen atoms, remembering carbon atom tetravalence. CH3 1 2 3 4 CH3 - With - CH2 – CH3 CH3
9. Whether check it is possible to dispose still side branches to a carbon chain further. If it is possible make formulas of isomers. If it is impossible continue to reduce a chain of atoms of carbon, gradually by one atom, having it as a side branch. Having numbered a chain, continue to make formulas of isomers. Numbering in case side branches, are at identical distance from edges of a chain, will begin with edge which has more side branches. 1 2 3 4 CH3 – SN – SN - CH3 CH3 CH3
10. Continue the sequence of all actions until there is an opportunity for arrangement of side branches.