For a long time, explaining how to mix the concentrated sulfuric acid with water, teachers forced pupils to remember the rule: "At first water, then – acid!" The fact is that if to arrive on the contrary, the first portions of more light water which appeared above literally "will boil" as at this mixing a large amount of warmth is distinguished - splashes will scatter extensively. How after all to mix reagents?
Instruction
1. Without fail it is necessary to pour the concentrated sulfuric acid into water, and a thin stream, it is better on a glass stick.
2. When receiving alkali it is also worth being accurate. It would seem what it is simpler than – throw a piece of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal into water and put everything! Alas, it can sadly end too if, for example, not sodium or calcium, but the potassium reacting with water extremely violently is such metal. What to tell about rubidium.
3. The main thing - provide safe carrying out and maximum efficiency of reaction. It is necessary to know properly and to remember strong that with what, in what proportions, under what conditions it is possible to mix. And do not neglect these rules at all.
4. Prepare initial reagents. It means that calculation of the required amount of reagents, proceeding from the equation of chemical reaction, if necessary – their preliminary clarification by filtration and the subsequent evaporation, recrystallization, removal from them of water, carbon dioxide, for example, by calcinating is necessary.
5. Provide the greatest possible surface of contact. If reaction goes in a liquid phase, it is necessary to mix intensively solutions of reagents once or all the time of reaction, on its conditions. As in laboratory, and industrial conditions, it is reached by use of various mixers and rotors.
6. If reaction goes not in solution, reagents have to be in a powdery look. In need of them it is necessary to grind: in vitro – with use of a special mortar from strong and chemically inert material, crushing goes to the industries mainly in so-called "drum mills". The reagents will be more melkofraktsionny, the reaction will quicker and more stoutly leak.