Adverbial participle - the part of speech combining signs of an adverb and verb. In most cases the single adverbial participle in the offer is allocated with commas.
Instruction
1. Statement of commas at a single adverbial participle in many respects depends on a concrete context, on semantic loading adverbial participlesof in the offer.
2. In the offer there are two single adverbial participles which play a role of uniform circumstances. They need to be allocated with commas on both sides: "he looked, smiling and laughing".
3. If the single adverbial participle makes verbal sense, it needs to be isolated commas. It speaks about action time, the action reason, somebody a condition. Most often such adverbial participle does not designate an image of action.
4. Such verbal adverbial participle usually faces a predicate: "it, crying, ran out from the room", "it, speaking, did not look at anybody". In rare instances can stand after it: "he answered, having thought", "she turned back, having cried".
5. If the single adverbial participle gains value of specification, it also should be isolated commas. For example: "they constantly laughed, without ceasing", "he long wandered, doubting". At an accent on a verb it is possible to isolate an adverbial participle to attach it significance of a passing remark: "the pupil spoke, without ceasing".
6. It is necessary to distinguish, the circumstance or the second action designates an adverbial participle. In the first case, it does not need to be allocated with commas. Such adverbial participle directly adjoins a predicate and is close on the carried-out functions to an adverb.
7. It answers the questions "how?", "how?", "in what situation?". "Lied it is unceasing" means "lied without stopping", "went without being late" - "went without delay".
8. If the adverbial participle has point of the second action, it needs to be isolated: "asked, without stopping". This phrase means: "asked, but did not stop". "Looked, without laughing" - "looked, but did not laugh".
9. If the single adverbial participle terminates on "- and" or "-I", it with all probability will matter an adverbial modifier of manner. In this case commas are not required: "it entered smiling", "it became having turned away".
10. If there are other signs: isolation from a verb, prevalence – isolation is necessary. "Smiling, he entered the room", "having turned away, it became at a window".
11. If the single adverbial participle comes to an end on "-in" or "-shi", it transfers various nuances of values of a circumstance. It is the reason, a concession or time.
12. In the offer such adverbial participles stand apart from two parties commas: "having seen, she was frightened". It tells value of the reason: "she was frightened because she saw".