Acetic acid – substance with a chemical formula CH3COOH. It belongs to the class of carbonic acids, is widespread in the nature. Being a fermentation product, it is known to the person since ancient times. Represents itself colourless liquid with a characteristic and peracute smell. Perfectly mixes up with water. How do receive acetic acid?
Instruction
1. There is a lot of ways of its receiving. Their application depends, first of all, on cost efficiency. For this reason methods widespread before, such as oxidation of acetic aldehyde or normal butane already are not used. They were forced out long ago by the way of carbonylation of methyl alcohol carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) proceeding according to the following scheme: CH3OH + WITH = SN3SOONOn is very widespread still.
2. Acetic acid can be received also from methane. Ways step by step are given below. CH4 + Cl2 = CH3Cl + HCl (Chlormethane and chlorohydrogen are formed). 2CH3Cl + 2Na = C2H6 + 2NaCl ("Vyurts's Reaction", with formation of ethane and chloride sodium). C2H6 + Cl2 = C2H5Cl + HCl (Chloroethane and chlorohydrogen are formed). C2H5Cl + Cl2 = C2H4Cl2 + HCl (The dichloroethane and chlorohydrogen are formed). C2H4Cl2 + Cl2 = C2H3Cl3 + HCl (Trichloroethane and chlorohydrogen are formed). C2H3Cl3 + 3NaOH = CH3COOH + H2O + 3NaCl (Acetic acid is formed). 2CH4 = C2H4 + 2H2 (ethylene and hydrogen are formed). C2H4 + H2O = C2H5OH (hydration of ethylene we receive ethyl alcohol).
3. There are also other methods: C2H5OH + CuO = CH3COH + Cu + H2O (ethyl alcohol, restoring copper from its oxide, turns into acetic aldehyde). 2CH3COH + O2 = 2CH3COOH (oxidation of acetic aldehyde, we receive acetic acid). 2CH4 = C2H2 + 3H2 (acetylene and hydrogen are formed). C2H2 + H2O = CH3COH (hydration of acetylene we receive acetic aldehyde, so-called. "Kucherov's reaction"). 2CH3COH + O2 = 2CH3COOH (As in the previous example, oxidation of acetic aldehyde we receive acetic acid).