Receiving nitrate of copper — not only useful experience from a school course of chemistry. This substance can be necessary, for example, when coloring fabrics or artificial patinating of products from copper. Nitrate of copper meets in the nature. But without special geological knowledge it is very difficult to distinguish gerhardtit and ruait from other stones. The only thing that distinguishes many minerals containing compounds of copper is a green coloring, but there is not always an opportunity to learn whether nitrate of copper or some other substance contains in a stone.
It is required to you
- - copper wire;
- - nitric acid;
- - ammonium nitrate;
- - chemical ware;
- - spirit-lamp or gas burner;
- - extract;
- - tweezers;
- - scissors on metal.
Instruction
1. Cut a copper wire small pieces. Their length should not exceed 1 cm. The more small they will be, the better. Instead of a wire it is possible to take any other copper subject which is not a pity for crushing. The copper is purer, the better there is a reaction and the less foreign impurity are formed.
2. Pour nitric acid in a vessel. Remember that it is very caustic acid, and substance belongs which is formed as a result of reaction to moderately toxic therefore take all measures. It is better to work in gloves, and to carry out reaction in an exhaust case.
3. Lower one pieces of copper, reaction will not stop yet. Copper with nitric acid reacts quite actively therefore reaction goes violently. Reaction looks so: 3Cu + 8HNO3 = 3Cu(NO3) 2 + 2 NO + 4H2O. Apparently from this formula, except copper nitrate as a result of reaction still oxide of nitrogen and water turns out. To get rid of poisonous oxide of nitrogen, reaction needs to be carried out in an exhaust case.
4. If you need copper nitrate for coloring of fabrics, etching of payments or patinating of products, leave it in solution. If you want to receive crystals, solution needs to be evaporated. Make it on a spirit-lamp or the gas burner. In the presence of water at you substance of blue or even dark blue color will turn out. Waterless nitrate of copper looks as white powder.
5. In the absence of the house of nitric acid it is possible to receive copper nitrate in a different way, from ammonium nitrate and copper. Melt saltpeter. It can be done in a small jar or even just in a spoon. Lower a copper piece in saltpeter. The lack of this reaction which can be expressed formula 2NH4NO3+Cu-> to Cu(NO3) 2+2NH3 is that a lot of ammonia which has extremely unpleasant smell is emitted. Therefore also this reaction needs to be carried out in an exhaust case.