Today metals are used everywhere. It is difficult to overestimate their role in industrial production. The majority of metals on Earth are in a coherent state - in the form of oxides, hydroxides, salts. Therefore industrial and laboratory receiving pure metals, as a rule, is based on any given reactions of restoration.
It is required to you
- - salts, oxides of metals;
- - laboratory equipment.
Instruction
1. Restore non-ferrous metals by carrying out electrolysis of water solutions of their salts with a high rate of solubility. This method is applied commercially to receiving some metals. Also this process can be carried out in vitro on the special equipment. For example, it is possible to restore in the electrolyzer copper from solution of its CuSO4 sulfate (copper vitriol).
2. Restore metal by electrolysis of fusion of its salt. In this way it is possible to receive even alkaline metals, for example, sodium. This method is also used in the industry. Restoration of metal from fusion of salt requires the special equipment (fusion has high temperature, and the gases which are formed in the course of electrolysis need to be taken away effectively).
3. Carry out restoration of metals from salts them and weak organic acids by calcinating. For example, in vitro it is possible to make receiving iron from its oxalate (FeC2O4 is iron shchavelevokisly) by strong warming up in a flask from quartz glass.
4. Use metal restoration by hydrogen from its oxide. This way has generally industrial application, and we will badly carry out in vitro.
5. Receive metal from its oxide or mix of oxides by restoration by carbon or carbon oxide. At the same time carbon oxide can directly be formed in a reaction zone owing to incomplete oxidation of carbon by air oxygen. Similar process proceeds in blast furnaces when smelting iron from ore.
6. Restore metal from its oxide stronger metal. For example, it is possible to make reaction of restoration of iron aluminum. For its implementation mix of powder of oxide of iron and aluminum powder is prepared then it is set fire by means of a magnesian tape. This reaction takes place with allocation of very large amount of heat (from oxide of iron and aluminum powder thermite checkers are made).