Successfully to solve chains of chemical transformations of one substance in another, it is necessary to study properties of substances, their interactions and features of each class of connections. The solution of chains of substances occur among qualitative tasks most often.
Instruction
1. Attentively read a statement of the problem. If it is necessary, you can make it not once. Write the equations by means of which it is possible to receive the following transformations: Al → Al(NO3)3 → Al2O3 → Al(OH)3 → K[AL(OH)4] → AlCl3 → Al(NO3)3 → AlPO4. For each transformation makeof equations of reactions. If transition in one stage is impossible, make two and more equations of reactions.
2. Write out a chain separately, from a statement of the problem. You can number the number of reactions and whether substances for convenience. Remember that each following substance is initial for the subsequent. Define to what class of substances to belong each member of a chain. At the first number there is a metal aluminum. salt has to become an initial product of reaction. On properties of metal, salt turns out in interaction with acid. In this case with nitric acid. Whether analyze this reaction is possible. Make the scheme of the equation, place coefficients. The first transformation it is ready. Further follow step by step, gradually moving ahead to the last substance, aluminum phosphate.
3. Double-check yourself. Be run by a look on the equations of reactions whether check everywhere there are necessary coefficients. Do not forget to issue the equations of reactions correctly. At oxidation-reduction make electronic balance, make short schemes for ionic reactions. Reshenie1.Al + 6HNO3 (konts.) => Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O2.4Al(NO3) 3 => 2AL2O3 + 12NO2 + 3O23.Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 => Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH => 2Al (OH)3 + 3Na2SO44.Al (OH)3 +KOH => K [Al(OH)4]5.K [Al(OH)4] + 4HCl => KCl + AlCl3 + 4H2O6.AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 => Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl7.Al(NO3) 3 + K3PO4 => AlPO4 + 3KNO3