In 1905 Albert Einstein assumed that laws of physics are universal. So he created the theory of relativity. The scientist spent ten years for the proof of the assumptions that became a basis for the new section of physics and gave new ideas of space and time.
Attraction or gravitation
Two objects attract each other with a certain force. It received the name of gravitation. Isaac Newton opened three laws of the movement, based on this assumption. Nevertheless, he assumed that gravitation is property of an object.
Albert Einstein in the theory of relativity leaned on the fact that laws of physics are carried out in all reference systems. It was as a result revealed that the space and time are bound in the uniform system known as "space time" or "continuum". The foundation of the theory of relativity including two postulates was laid.
The first is the principle of relativity which says about what cannot be defined by practical consideration whether the inertial system is based or moves. The second – the principle of invariancy of the speed of light. It proved that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant. Events which take place at some point for one observer can take place for other observers in other time. Einstein also understood that massive objects cause distortion in space time.
Experimental data
Though modern devices also cannot record distortion of a continuum, they were proved indirectly. Light around a massive object, for example, of a black hole, is bent, forcing it to work as a lens. Astronomers usually use this property for studying stars and galaxies behind massive objects. Einstein's cross – a quasar in Pegasus's constellation, is a fine example of a gravitational linzirovaniye. The distance to it makes about 8 billion light years. From Earth a quasar it is visible that between it and our planet there is one more galaxy which works as a lens. Mercury orbit can be one more example. It changes in connection with curvature of space time around the Sun eventually. Scientists found out that through several billion years Earth and Mercury can face. Electromagnetic radiation from an object can be late a little in gravitational field. For example, the sound proceeding from a mobile source changes, depending on distance to the receiver. If the source moves towards the observer, amplitude of sound waves decreases. In process of removal amplitude increases. The same phenomenon happens to light waves at all frequencies. It is called red shift. In 1959 Robert Funt and Glen Rebka made an experiment to prove existence of red shift. They "shot" gamma-rays of radioactive iron towards a tower of Harvard University and found out that the frequency of fluctuations of particles on the receiver is less settlement due to the distortions caused by gravitation. Collisions of two black holes as it is considered, are capable to create "ripples" in a continuum. This phenomenon received the name of gravitational waves. In some observatories, laser interferometers which can record such radiation are installed.