The name of chemical element of phosphorus is translated from Ancient Greek language as "lightful". He takes the 15th place in the periodic table developed by Dmitry Mendeleyev has alphabetic reference "P" and the atomic mass of 30.973762 g/mol. Phosphorus is one of the elements, most widespread in the nature, and, as well as all other, has own physical and chemical properties.
Instruction
1. Physical properties of an element differ depending on its modification – white, red, black and metal. All other possible present mix of these four or various impurity to them. Modifications differ on many aspects – density, color and other characteristics without pronounced chemical activity.
2. White phosphorus – is externally very similar to wax and paraffin, is easily cut or deformed after the smallest effort. This modification of an element is very badly dissolved in water, but it is fine – in solvents of organic origin. Density of white phosphorus the smallest among all other modifications – 1823 kg/m3, melting temperature – 44.1 wasps. Chemically it is a little active – quickly is oxidized in air of room temperature, the investigation of what the known luminescence appears.
3. Red phosphorus turns out by heating white at a temperature of 500 wasps and in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide. It represents polymer with complex structure, can have various shades of initial color, smaller, than at white modification, chemical activity and exclusively small degree of solubility (only in the melted lead or bismuth). On air or at heavy blow quickly ignites, has smaller virulence. By the way, this modification of phosphorus is also applied in production of matches.
4. Black phosphorus was removed for the first time by the American physicist Bridzhmen. Its density – 2690 kg/m3, and externally it represents the black substance which is casting metal gloss, to the touch very fat, a little reminding graphite with completely absent solubility both in water, and in solvents. Black phosphorus on condition of a preliminary raskalivaniye up to 400 wasps and in the conditions of stay in the atmosphere of clean air is set fire. Melting temperature – 1000 wasps, substance has properties of the semiconductor of current.
5. Metal phosphorus represents the most late removed kind of chemical element with a density of 3.56 g/cm3, and can be condensed considerably at increase in pressure then also gets a crystal lattice in the form of a cube with the increasing density up to 3.83 g/cm3. It perfectly carries electric current. In general, all modifications of phosphorus have chemical activity much bigger, than at nitrogen that is defined by its allotropic modification.