Natural sciences originate in physiophilosophy which was the speculative discipline which was engaged in interpretation of the natural phenomena. Gradually within philosophy of the nature the experimental direction which was based on the checked data on structure of matter and the structure of substance developed. So there was a physics − fundamental science which defines the level of development of modern natural sciences.
Instruction
1. Physics, being fundamental scientific discipline, studies the simplest and general properties and regularities of development of matter. The generalizing nature of knowledge of reality puts physics in the center of all system of natural sciences. Other fundamental and applied disciplines arise on a joint of physics and other sciences: chemistry, biology, geography, astronomy and so on.
2. Forms of matter and types of its movement differ in variety. According to this fact of the physicist is divided into a number of separate disciplines within which study the nature of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, solid bodies, gases, liquids and plasma. Between departments of physics there is no insuperable border, all of them are interconnected that is caused by unity of all material processes happening in the nature.
3. Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of the last century, speaking about physics as fundamental science, pointed to its invaluable role in opening of the most general elementary laws which knowledge gives the chance in the logical way to remove a complete picture of the world. Knowledge acquisition in physics goes from the simplest and the general to more difficult, from abstract concepts to more detailed and subject properties of things.
4. The simplest elements of the universe are elementary particles, atoms, molecules and fields. To the most general categories describing a material world, scientists carry space and time, energy, weight and the movement. Approach to comprehension of deep essence of the phenomena of reality gives the chance to make complete and exact idea of how the world on each of the levels is arranged. This task just is also carried out by physics.
5. Physical laws become a basis for removal of more general regularities to which all forms of motion of matter are subordinated. Justice of provisions which are formulated within physics can be checked on experience. Conclusions of this fundamental science find confirmation in the conditions of Earth, within the Solar system and all immense Universe. It demonstrates to the universal nature of physical laws.
6. The physics continues to hold a leading position in the system of natural sciences. Knowledge got by theorists becomes base for formation and development of subjects, applied and adjacent to physics, which purpose consists not only in obtaining abstract data on the universe nature, but also in the solution of the vital issues facing the person in his daily, scientific and production activity.