Hormones are substances which are produced by our organism for activity regulation. This, some kind of, way of thin control of work of systems and bodies.
All of us faced the term hormones. These are those substances which are produced by endocrine glands for regulation of various processes in an organism.
Classification of hormones
As well as in any other system, hormones have several classifications.
On the chemical building
Allocate the following types:
- proteinaceous and peptide;
- derivative of amino acids;
The proteinaceous and peptide building at hormones of a hypophysis and hypothalamus and also at those which are developed in parathyroid and a pancreas. Only one hormone of a thyroid gland – calcitonin belongs to the same group.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline, melatonin, thyroxine and triyodtironin are hormones derivative of amino acids. Are developed and adrenal glands, an epiphysis and a thyroid gland.
Both men's, and female sex hormones have the steroid building. Several decades ago in bodybuilding there was the real surge in use of steroids – for increase in muscle bulk.
As signal transmission
In this classification only 2 groups are lipophilic and hydrophilic hormones. The first independently get into a cage and interact with kernel receptors, are transferred together with proteins of blood. Hydrophilic hormones are transferred directly by blood and interact with membrane receptors, without getting inside. Such interaction starts synthesis of substances in a cage.
Classification by gland type
It is the most clear to us systematization of hormones, we and got used to call them – hormones of a thyroid gland, sexual or adrenal glands. Actually, the place of development also defines hormone functions.
Fills with all glands the small site of a brain – a hypophysis. Besides the hormone of a somatotropin, it produces special substances – liberina and statins which regulate work of other glands.
The thyroid gland and its hormones are responsible for the main metabolism and thermoregulation. Roughly speaking, hormones of a thyroid gland regulate the speed of transformation of the entering calories to energy including thermal. People at whom function of a thyroid gland and, respectively is increased and the high level of hormones, constantly test heat, tachycardia, can eat much and at the same time not recover. There is also the return state – function of a thyroid gland is lowered, hormones are not enough, the metabolism leaves much to be desired too.
The pancreas produces insulin – the main hormone of carbohydrate exchange, the carrier of glucose. Decrease in function of gland – most often becomes the reason of development of insulin-dependent diabetes.
Timus famous just as a thymus is responsible for immunity hormones, and a parathyroid gland – for the hormones regulating calcium level in blood.
Hormones of adrenal glands – adrenaline and noradrenaline are an adaptation to a stress, reaction speed in critical situations and everything that belongs to "tickle nerves".
Sex hormones are produced by corresponding glands and are responsible for development primary and secondary sexual characteristics. In childbearing age they define ability to conception and incubation of the child. Change of levels of these hormones – a climax.
It is not the full list of hormones. For example, there are hormones which are responsible for water exchange, proteinaceous synthesis, falling asleep and so on. Practically all actions (realized or not) – are regulated by hormones. Our organism is a most difficult system which is in balance therefore if there is a distortion in work of any gland and the level of hormones changes – there is a sense to address experts and to make the corresponding tests.
Analyses on hormones
Most often behind analyses the gynecologist (or the specialist in planning) and the endocrinologist sends to hormones. In the first case it is analyses on sex hormones to estimate reproductive health and ability to conception, or observation of already pregnant woman. The endocrinologist works with hormones of a thyroid gland and insulin.
Most "dangerous" insulin, and the diagnosis diabetes – as a sentence is considered. Though now many states are stopped by correctly picked up diet and some medicines. To send to make tests on insulin (blue blood, on an empty stomach) the therapist, the endocrinologist or the gastroenterologist can send. Usually this analysis is shown those who has suspicions of diabetes or tumor of a pancreas, there is an excess weight (the metabolic syndrome and diabetes of the 2nd type can develop).
Norm of insulin in blood on an empty stomach 8-12 (be guided by data of that laboratory in which you do the analysis). The increased level of insulin can speak about violations of work of a pancreas or other bodies which take part in carbohydrate exchange (first of all – a liver and kidneys). Most often the increased level of insulin is connected with development of insulin resistance and a metabolic syndrome.
Reasons of decrease in level of insulin: improper feeding (with a large amount of plain carbohydrates); violations of immunity; sleep debt, various stresses; hypodynamia.
Violations in work of a thyroid gland are department of the endocrinologist. Most often carry out analyses on the level of hormones: TTG (tireotropny hormone – norm 0.4-4.0 honey/l); T3 and T4 (general hormones, norm of 2.6-5.7 and 9.0-22 pmol/L); AT-TG (antibodies to thyreoglobulin, norm of 0-18 Pieces/ml); AT-TPO (antibodies to tireoidny peroxidase, norm – less than 5.6 Pieces/ml).
Analyses on hormones during pregnancy
Now there is a set of ways to prevent pathologies of a fruit and one of them – the analysis on hormones. The most informative HGCh – a horionichesky gonadotrophin of the person which is the main identifier of pregnancy as it is developed by cages of the cover surrounding an embryo is considered. Content of this hormone grows in blood approximately to 10-11 weeks, then begins to decrease. Peak values can reach 80000 mME/ml.
Progesterone is the hormone which is responsible for preparation for conception, and during pregnancy it controls growth of a uterus, mammary glands and relaxes muscles. Oestradiol is responsible for the normal course of pregnancy, lack of threat of an abortion. In each case the gynecologist makes the decision whether additional analyses and what are necessary. Quite often future mothers take a blood test to control hormones of a thyroid gland and level of insulin.
During the planning of pregnancy and violations of work of a reproductive system control level: progesterone; oestradiol; LG – lyuteiniziruyushchy hormone; prolactin.
Men at the same time make tests on testosterone.
Analyses on hormones at violations of food behavior
Constant hunger or on the contrary – the lack of appetite is hormonal violations too. Hormone grelin – the increased its level is responsible for hunger and there is a reason of constant hunger. His antagonist – leptin. Satiety hormone. At their imbalance there are also various violations. Most often reduction or increase in production of these hormones is connected with violation of a day regimen. The sleep debt provokes increase in a grelin, the organism thus compensates the raised energy expenses. Level a stucco molding at the same time decreases.
Violations of growth and development of the child, baldness, a climax, differences mood, a sharp set of weight or on the contrary – rapid weight loss – all this an occasion to think, perhaps, matter in hormones? Perhaps, there is a sense to see a doctor and to make tests to find out in what the reason. Quite often at the initial stages of diagnostics only I can point blood tests to "malfunctions" in an organism.