Current is called the horizontal movement of water in oceans and the seas. Currents transfer the huge mass of water to long distances. They are divided into warm and cold. If temperature of a current is lower than temperature of surrounding waters, it is defined as cold. Cold make the third part of all known currents.
The main reason of emergence of currents - wind. Under the influence of steady winds there is the most powerful cold current of the Western Winds which forms a ring around Antarctica. Also the direction of currents is influenced by position of continents, outlines of their coast. In the depth of oceans and seas of a current are formed because of various density of water. More dense waters move less dense aside and create powerful streams at a depth. Rotation of Earth has a huge impact on the direction of sea currents. Oceanic currents influence the nature and climate. They redistribute cold and heat between latitudes and also gases and the dissolved nutrients. By means of currents the animals and plants move, occupy new territories. The Canary current - a cold current of the Atlantic Ocean, moves from the North the South, bending around the Iberian Peninsula and the Northwest of Africa. Width of the Canary current - 400-600 km. The Labrador Current is a cold sea current in the north of the Atlantic Ocean. Mixes up with warm waters of Gulf Stream, every spring transfers icebergs from Greenland to transatlantic crossing. The Bengalese current - a cold current of the Atlantic Ocean at west banks of Africa. The Falkland current - a cold current of the Atlantic Ocean at coast of South America, a branch of a current of the Western Winds. Bears many icebergs. A current of the Western Winds - the most powerful cold current of the World Ocean called also Antarctic. Crosses three oceans - Atlantic, Indian and Silent. This current covers Earth a continuous ring, from it cold Bengelsky, West Australian and Peruvian currents branch off. Length exceeds it 30 thousand km, average width exceeds about 1000 km. The current of the Western Winds gets almost to the ocean floor on depth up to 4.5 km. Current speed on average 2 km/h. It is characterized by the strong bends arising under the influence of contours of continents and a relief of a bottom. The Antarctic circumpolar current is a powerful power source, it forms the cyclones and anti-cyclones forming weather on all planet. The Somali current - a cold current of the Indian Ocean, at east coast of the Somali Peninsula in Africa. It is caused by monsoonal winds, changes the direction depending on a season. California Current is a cold current of the Pacific Ocean. Passes along coast of the State of California. Peruvian Current is a cold current of the Pacific Ocean, goes north from the South near the west bank of the South American continent. East Greenland - the cold current of the Arctic Ocean passing at east coast of Greenland. All the year round bears ices of the Arctic basin and icebergs in summer months.