Biotechnology can be called the science studying methods and manufacturing techniques of products and materials with application of natural biological components, parts of cages and processes.
Instruction
1. Biotechnology originates in the processes of winemaking, bread baking and other methods of cooking applied since ancient times, but the status of science only the French scientist Louis Pasteur gave biotechnologies.
2. Various participants of associations of living organisms act as objects of biotechnology: - viruses; - bacteria; - yeast, etc., including the separate cages or subcellular structures taken from them. A basis of biotechnology are physiologos - the biochemical processes happening in living systems. The energy allocation necessary for synthesis of products of metabolism and creation of new structural components of a cage becomes result of these processes.
3. The main directions of biotechnology can be considered: - creation and production of various types of biologically active connections to which enzymes, vitamins and hormonal medicines belong; drugs (antibiotics, vaccines, some serums); separate proteins and amino acids; - use of biological methods of environment protection; - removal of new strains of microorganisms, creation of breeds of animals and plant varieties.
4. The engineering which is the section of molecular genetics and developing techniques of creation of new molecules DNA with the set properties became one of the main instruments of biotechnology gene, or genetic. Other direction of development of biotechnology can be considered the cellular engineering investigating possibilities of cultivation of separate cages in the set conditions of artificial nutrient medium.
5. Biotechnology serves in global sense to a problem of adaptation of wildlife to human influence, at the same time expanding possibilities of this influence, acting, thus, as a factor of anthropogenic adaptive evolution.