The theory of evolution which is put forward by Darwin forms the theoretical basis of modern biology. Even in school textbooks the anatomy of representatives of fauna is considered from its positions. From the moment of issue of the main work of Charles Darwin about the origin of species there passed more than 150 years, but the relation to its opening remains ambiguous.
Basic provisions of the theory of Darwin
The theory of evolution developed by Darwin makes an assumption that the driving force of development of all live is natural selection. During evolution there is an implementation of two multidirectional processes – reproduction and destruction. Living organisms arise, develop then with inevitability perish, submitting to regularities of natural selection. At the same time not certain individuals, but the whole population act as unit of evolutionary process.
Darwin considered that driving forces of natural evolutionary development are not only natural selection, but also heredity and variability. Under the influence of the habitat of an individual within one population change similarly. But the variability can have also individual character, proceeding in various directions. Darwin attached to such uncertain changes particular importance.
Over the entire period of existence of population in it there is a fight for existence. At the same time a considerable part of individuals perishes, without leaving behind posterity. Chances to survive have those organisms which have any advantages over the fellows. These signs, significant for survival, are descended, being fixed in population. Darwin called survival of the individuals who are most adapted for life natural selection.
The theory of evolution as the doctrine about development of life
Even those scientists who accepted the theory of evolution, recognize that it still contains more questions, than answers. Some provisions of the theory of Darwin do not find unambiguous confirmation yet. Not quite it is clear, in particular, in what way there are new animal species. Darwin planned to make the book "Origin of species" a part of more volume and fundamental work shedding light on these questions, but did not manage to make it. The creator of the theory of evolution noted that natural selection is the not only factor defining formation and development of life forms. For reproduction and removal of viable posterity also cooperation, that is aspiration of individuals to become a part of some community matters. During evolutionary development there is a creation of steady social groups in which the accurate hierarchical structure is traced. Without cooperation the life on Earth could hardly promote further the simplest forms. The theory of evolution became the most evident confirmation of the biological diversity observed in the world. Its basic provisions are confirmed by data of modern embryology and paleontologic researches. The theory of natural selection which though is exposed to criticism from creationists is still a logical explanation of mechanisms of development of life. On its basis it is possible to build the most various hypotheses which can be checked on experience.