People at the intuitive level felt the fact that living organisms transfer the signs and properties to descendants long ago. The peasant left the largest seeds for crops, wishing to receive a good harvest. Naturally, long time of people could not find a rational explanation for the observed phenomena. The first attempts were made still by Hippocrates.
Remarkable Gregor Mendel is considered an uchenyyosnovatel of modern genetics. G. Mendel formulated a specific question, the answer to which he looked for in the experiments. From results of the experiments G. Mendel managed to draw exact and correct conclusions. On February 8, 1865 Mendel published work under the name "Experiments over Vegetable Hybrids", having stated in it the conclusions. These conclusions concerned regularities of inheritance of signs. G. Mendel's works were estimated not at once. Science level as of 1865 was insufficient to understand an essence of the phenomena described by Mendel. Only in 1900 Gugo de Friz, Karl Erich Korrens and Erich Tschermak independently of each other "reopened" Mendel's laws. Results of their works validated the conclusions established by G. Mendel. So 1900 became official year of birth of genetics. Classical experiments genetikag. Mendel conducted experiments over various grades of peas. He wanted to understand by what rules signs are inherited. In the experiments Mendel followed several rules: 1. To cross the plants differing in small amount of signs; 2. To use only plants of clean lines. Further G. Mendel analyzed what the posterity turned out. At data processing he used numerical methods, precisely calculating how many appeared plants with any sign. From peas – to a chelovekuogromn a role of genetics in life of people. Selection of plants and animals allows to increase quality of agricultural products and to increase its volumes. Achievements in the field of genetics are actively used in medicine. So far over 2000 diseases which are descended are known. Researchers conduct purposeful work on identification of the genes responsible for diseases. So, genetics – science about inheritance of signs. The creator of genetics is Gregor Mendel. Official date of birth of genetics – 1900. The fields of the most active application of genetics – agriculture and medicine.