Annually on the first Sunday of June in our country reclamation experts celebrate a professional holiday. This agricultural industry in Russia conducts the counting since 1894. And in what they are engaged?
Melioration – means improvement
In translation from Latin the word "melioration" literally means improvement. Land reclamation provides the whole complex of the organizational and economic and technical actions directed to improvement of hydrological, agroclimatic and also soil conditions.
It is known that in the territory of our huge country more than a half of the agricultural land are located in a zone of risky agriculture. It or boggy sites which should be drained or, on the contrary, territories where for a vegetative season the insufficient amount of precipitation drops out, and them need to be irrigated in addition artificially. Besides land reclamation provides antiflood, against landslide and antitorrential actions. It and actions for protection of lands against various adverse effects not only natural, but also both anthropogenic (human), and technogenic character. As a result of long and intensive holding meliorative actions the structure of soils improves, harvests of crops become higher and stable.
Main types, types and methods of melioration
On the main types and the directions on object of improvement distinguish: hydromelioration, agrolesomelioration, kulturtekhnichesky and chemical melioration. Hydromeliorative works are connected with water, generally – with additional irrigation or drainage. Methods of an agrolesomelioration is a creation of protective forest plantings on borders of ravines, beams, drift sands and on coast of the rivers for prevention of an erosion of soils. Forest plantings protect from harmful effects of winds of the field, set with crops and also natural and cultural pastures. Kulturtekhnichesky melioration includes works on clearing of the fields intended under landings of crops from wood vegetation and stubs, native-grasses and a moss, removal of stones and other foreign objects. Then the peskovaniye or claying depending on primary structure of the soil, loosening, plantazh and preprocessing of an arable land is carried out. Here actions for land reclamation of solonetzic soils enter. At last, chemical melioration means lime application, a fosforitovaniye or plastering of soils. The choice of any given type of melioration in the concrete territory will depend on natural and economic conditions. Usually it is the complex of meliorative actions which was intended for the long-term period.