Microbiology - the section of biology studying the smallest living organisms invisible with the naked eye. The term comes from Greek mikros - small, bios - life and logos - science. The microbiology includes various sections: bacteriology, a mycology, virology and another, divided on an object researches.
Instruction
1. Even before opening of microorganisms the people guessed that something similar can take part in many processes. Microorganisms were applied at the household level (brozhzheniye, preparation of fermented milk products, wine, etc.). Their study became possible with the advent of optical devices with strong increase. The microscope was created by Galilei in 1610, and in 1665 the English scientist Robert Hooke with his help found plant cells. But Galilei's microscope had only 30-fold increase therefore Hooke did not notice protozoa.
2. The microscopic world was found for the first time by the Dutch naturalist Antoni van Levenguk. In 1676 it submitted the letter to the London Royal society which member was, in which reported about a mikroskopirovaniye of a drop of water and provided the description of all what was seen (including bacteria). Approach to microorganisms became the main mistake of Levenguk: he considered them the little animals having the same building and behavior, as usual.
3. The next one and a half centuries after Levenguk's opening scientists were engaged only in the description of new types of the smallest living organisms. The Golden Age of microbiology came at the end of the 19th century, at this time there is a set of opening. Robert Koch enters the new principles of conducting work on a research of microorganisms, Pasteur grows up them in liquid environments, and in 1883 Christiaan Gansen of methods of "a trailing drop" receives the pure culture of yeast. Continue to describe all new species of bacteria, find causative agents of dangerous diseases, open the processes inherent only in bacteria.
4. The beginning of the 20th century was marked by emergence and development of the technical microbiology studying use of microorganisms in productions. In this branch of microbiology the big contribution was made by the Soviet scientists L.S. Tsenkovsky, S.N. Vinogradsky, I.I. Mechnikov and many others.