The moon – the eternal companion of Earth. For poets it - the object inspiring them on creation of ingenious lines for lovers – the witness to romantic dates, for scientists – a subject of fixed study because the Moon did not open for mankind until the end of the secrets and riddles.
Instruction
1. The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth. In the Solar system it – the fifth largest of all satellites. In a terrestrial firmament of Long – the second in brightness after the Sun, but actually even in a full phase (i.e. when the moonlight for the population of Earth seems rather intensive) its brightness in 650 thousand times less than brightness of the Sun. The moon is the first extraterrestrial object which people visited, having overcome distance in 384 thousand kilometers.
2. The moon at all not such big as it can be represented at its observation from Earth at its comparison with stars. If to compare volumes, then the Moon makes only 2% of the volume of our planet! Diameter of the Moon is slightly more than a quarter of diameter of Earth – 3474 km. Because of smaller weight and gravitation force on the Moon is weaker, than on Earth, by 6 times therefore the person of an average constitution on the Moon weighs slightly more than 10 kg. We can observe gravitational interaction of our planet and its satellite on existence of inflows and otliv on Earth.
3. To Earth moon it is turned always by one party, and it, as it turned out, has absolutely other relief, than a reverse side. People of Earth see dark stains on a lunar disk, scientists call them the seas though there is no water on the Moon. Researches of astronauts showed that these "seas" represent a plain surface with small porous fragments of a lava and stones. While on a reverse side of the Moon of such "seas" is not present, and it is not similar at all to that party which is visible from Earth. It is one of numerous riddles of the Moon. The moon reflects sunlight and therefore sees to us such bright. At the same time the "seas" called by astronomers have less intensive coloring at observation from Earth, and the mountain areas here surrounding them with uneven surfaces reflect light much better.
4. The moon is not always identical in the outlines at a look from Earth, and has several phases. They result from those changes which happen in a relative positioning of the Sun, the Moon and Earth. So, at position of the Moon between the Sun and Earth its side turned to Earth is dark and therefore it is almost not visible. This phase is called a new moon since it is considered that the Moon as if is born and from this point with everyone come becomes more and more visible at night - "grows". When the Moon passes one fourth orbits, a half of its disk becomes visible, then speak about its stay in the first quarter. When a half of an orbit is passed, the Moon shows to people of Earth all party turned to them, this phase is called a full moon.
5. The moon is a mysterious and mysterious object. So, the lunar seas are very similar to craters of extinct volcanoes, and lava particles confirm it. But, according to researches of scientists, the Moon was never hotter the planet with a liquid (fiery) internal part. On the contrary, researchers claim, it was a body extremely cold at all times. One more of riddles concerning scientists is that, without having the atmosphere, it is similar terrestrial which protects our planet from the space bodies rushing to it from space, the surface of the Moon is not really damaged. Extremely surprises researchers that even huge meteorites do not get into her "body" more, than on 4 km. As if the layer of any heavy-duty substance does not allow them to get more deeply. Even the largest craters in the diameter – up to 150 km, speaking about the enormous sizes of a meteorite as a result of which falling they were formed, have very small depth. Similar secrets and riddles scientists contain several dozen, and the Moon does not hurry to open them.