Thinking is an informative process which allows to gain knowledge of the world around on the basis of judgments, conclusions and conclusions. It is possible to tell that the person is capable to perceive things without analyzers (painful, visual, tactile, acoustical, olfactory, etc.) only on the basis of speech signals.
Thinking as type of mental activity interested people long ago. Still philosophers antiquities tried to study it and to offer it an explanation. For example, Platon equated thinking to an intuition, Aristotle created the whole science (logic) and divided informative process into parts, etc. To this day representatives of various sciences try to study specifics of thinking, to experimentally investigate and give accurate definition to this process, but so far it does not manage to be made.
Forms of thinking were allocated still by Aristotle - it is a concept, judgment and conclusion. The concept – is designated by the word characterizing the general and essential properties of the whole class of objects. It has not evident, abstract character. For example, for the concept "hours" the general and essential property - the fact that it is the mechanism showing time.
Judgment is the form of mental activity opening the maintenance of concepts and reflecting the phenomena and objects of the world around in their communications. It can be single, private, the general and also simple (components are concepts) and difficult (consists of their combinations). The general judgments belong to all phenomena or objects which are united by a concept, for example: "All live needs food". The private form mentions only a part of objects or the phenomena, we will allow: "Not all soils are fertile", etc. In single judgments it is about a separate concept, for example: "Peter I is a great reformer". A conclusion on the basis of the analysis, comparisons of several judgments is called conclusion. Allocate two types of conclusion: inductive and deductive. Induction – a way of a reasoning from the particular to the general, establishment of rules, laws when studying separate objects and phenomena. Whereas deduction is the return process which consists of knowledge of the private facts on the basis of knowledge of the general regularities. Besides, the logical form of thinking is peculiar to the person. It is based on right initial judgments and leads to objective conclusions. Such thinking begins with problem statement. The next stage of thought process is the analysis of the available information. Then the hypothesis which is checked in practice is under construction. If it is right, the conclusion about a situation or a problem is drawn, otherwise other decision is looked for.