Prior to World War II the vintomotorny planes equipped with internal combustion engines were everywhere used. But requirements of aircraft and the arising rocketry demanded more powerful power plants. In 1939 in air the first plane equipped with the engine on reactive draft which was essentially differing from the predecessors rose.
Scheme of operation of the jet engine
In a front part of the jet engine the fan is located. It takes away air from the external environment, sucking in it in the turbine. In the engines used in rockets, air replaces liquid oxygen. The fan is supplied a set of the titanic blades having the special form.
The area of the fan is tried to be made rather big. Besides an air intake this part of a system participates as well in cooling of the engine, protecting its cameras from destruction. Behind the fan the compressor is located. He under big pressure exaggerates air in the combustion chamber.
One of the main structural elements of the jet engine – the combustion chamber. In it fuel mixes up with air and is set fire. There is a mix ignition which is followed by a strong warming up of details of the case. Fuel mix under the influence of high temperature extends. Actually in the engine there is an operated explosion. From the combustion chamber fuel mix with air comes to the turbine which consists of a set of shovels. The reactive stream with effort presses on them and brings the turbine into rotation. The effort is transferred to a shaft where the compressor and the fan are located. The closed system which work requires only a constant supply of fuel mix is formed. The last detail of the jet engine – a nozzle. Here from the turbine the warmed stream arrives, forming a reactive stream. In this part of the engine from the fan cold air also moves. It serves for cooling of all design. The air flow protects a nozzle cuff from harmful effects of a reactive stream, without allowing details to melt.
As the jet engine works
Working body of the engine is the reactive stream. It with very high speed expires from a nozzle. At the same time the reactive force which pushes all device in an opposite direction is formed. The traction effort is created only due to action of a stream, without any support on other bodies. This feature of operation of the jet engine allows to use it as the power plant for rockets, planes and spacecrafts. Partly operation of the jet engine is comparable with action of the water jet following from a fire hose. Under huge pressure liquid moves on a sleeve by the made narrower end of a hose. Water speed at an exit from a fire engine is higher, than in a hose. At the same time force of back pressure which allows the firefighter to hold a hose only with great difficulty is formed. Production of jet engines represents the special industry of the equipment. As temperature of a working body reaches several thousand degrees here, details of the engine produce from high-strength metals and those materials which are resistant to melting. Separate parts of jet engines carry out, for example, from special ceramic structures.