The image of any object executed according to rules of drawing is called the drawing. As objects can have various sizes including their images which are not coinciding with the reasonable sizes apply scaling.
Why scale is necessary?
Drawings are carried out by quite certain rules, most often on paper of the fixed sizes which it is accepted to call formats. There are formats from the biggest A0, to the small A4 which is most used in drawing.
According to a paper format the drawing also becomes. Certainly, the most common and evident is the image in scale one to one.
Unfortunately not always perhaps and to represent a detail in such scale, there is a huge number of various products is incomparable more largely or opposite more small even the largest format of drawing paper. It is clear, that in such situation needs or to be reduced significantly or on the contrary to enlarge the image.
In particular it concerns various site plans and cards. Even the most detailed topographic maps contain information on hundred square meters of the area in one square centimeter. If scaling was not applied, then the image of the area and territories on cards would be just impossible and senseless. Just in the same degree this rule is applicable also to display of small and midget products. It is quite reasonable as the smallest format of paper has the sizes of 210*297 mm. And by rules of drawing the image on it has to be read well.
Such different scales
The concept of scale reflects a ratio of the sizes of the object represented on the plane of paper with its real dimensions. In translation from German the word "Masstab" is a criterion or the size. In order that there were no discrepancies? and scale was easily read, there is certain GOST 2.302 – 68, regulating applicability of scales. Types of scales of increase in accordance with GOST: 2:1, 2.5:1, 4:1; 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 40:1, 50:1, 100:1. Types of scales of reduction in accordance with GOST: 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:40, 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, 1:200, 1:400, 1:500, 1:800, 1:1000no and that is not all. If necessary use of scale of increase on a formula is possible (100n): 1 where letter n is an integer. In technical drawing the bulk of drawings is carried out in scale 1:1 that allows not only to be guided easier at production of a detail, but also at control assembly facilitates to a task of the designer.