Stars are the sun. The first person who opened this truth was the scientist of the Italian origin. Without any exaggeration, his name is known to all modern world. This is legendary Giordano Bruno. He claimed what among stars resembles the Sun both the sizes, and temperature of the surface, and even in color which directly depends on temperature. Besides, there are stars, considerably different from the Sun, – giants and supergiants.
Table of ranks
The variety of infinite number of stars in the sky forced astronomers to establish some order among them. For this purpose scientists made the decision to break stars into the corresponding classes of their luminosity. For example, stars which radiate light in several thousands times more than the Sun, giants received the name. On the contrary, stars with the minimum luminosity are dwarfs. Scientists found out that the Sun, according to this characteristic, is an average star.
Why stars differently shine?
Some time astronomers thought that stars shine unequally because of their various arrangement from Earth. But it not absolutely so. Astronomers found out that even those stars which are located at the same distance from Earth can have absolutely different visible gloss. This gloss depends not only on distance, but also on temperature of stars. To compare stars on their visible gloss, scientists use a certain unit of measure – an absolute star value. She also allows to calculate the real radiation of a star. Using this method, scientists counted that in the sky there are only 20 brightest stars.
Why stars of different color?
It was written above that astronomers distinguish stars by their sizes and their luminosity. However it is not all their classification yet. Along with the sizes and visible gloss all stars are subdivided also on own color. The fact is that light defining any given star has wave radiation. These waves are quite short. Despite the minimum wave of light length, even the most insignificant difference in sizes of light waves sharply changes color of a star which directly depends on temperature of its surface. For example, if to heat an iron frying pan on a plate, then it will gain also the corresponding color. The color range of a star is a peculiar passport which defines it most characteristics. For example, the Sun and the Chapel (the star similar to the Sun) were allocated by astronomers in the same class. Both of them have yellow and pale color, temperature of the surface in 6000 wasps. Moreover, their range incorporates identical substances: lines of magnesium, sodium and iron. Such stars as Betelgeuse or Antares in general have characteristic red color. Temperature of their surface is equal 3000 wasps, in their structure emit titanium dioxide. Such stars as Sirius and Vega have white color. Temperature of their surface is equal 10000 wasps. Their ranges have lines of hydrogen. There is also a star with a temperature of surface of 30000 wasps - it is bluish-white Orion.