IQ (intelligence quotient or intelligence quotient) is quantitative assessment of I.Q. Decides on the help of tests and gives an idea of I.Q. of one person of rather average value.
The first test for determination of I.Q. was developed in 1904 by Charles Spirmenem. This psychologist from Great Britain assumed that the ability personof to solve different types of tasks is affected by a certain general factor. This parameter of Spirmenem designated by letter g (general – the general in translation from English).
Spirmen's followers developed the mass of ways and techniques for determination of level g. As the components influencing level g or iq the heredity, the social and economic environment and sex were called.
Experiments
The question of objectivity of the IQ test sharply interested the team of scientists from Canada and England. Adrian Owen and Adam Hemmpshire worked in the University of Western Ontario, and their colleague Roger Hayfield – in the London museum. Scientists were convinced that the human intelligence consists of several separate systems and represents a certain DIY model. And therefore it cannot be measured by the unified test. Wishing to confirm the theory, scientists decided to conduct a large-scale research. In 2010 they started the special Internet a resource - 12 Pillars of Wisdom.
In translation - 12 pillars of wisdom.
Visitors of this website could pass free tests for definition of extent of development of various abilities: abilities to concentrate attention, to think logically and to make far-reaching plans. The website was popular, and answers of each visitor safely remained in the database. As a result the team of scientists had an impressive volume of information for carrying out the deep analysis. Besides, experts decided on carrying out an additional experiment. 16 examinees participated in a research. Each of them passed the test similar to the computer version. The difference was that they passed it lying in the tomograph.
The device was designed to establish degree of activity of various zones of a brain.
Results of researches
Results of both experiments confirmed that the intelligence is not an integral system. It was proved: various chains of neurons are responsible for performance of different types of tasks. Scientists revealed three main cognitive systems to which the ability logically belongs to think, random access memory and a verbal component. According to experts, the revealed systems cannot be estimated in common. And the test for IQ which is superficially mentioning each component which is not able to report objective results. Scientists published article about the scientific work in the Neuron magazine.