Magnet is the body which has own magnetic field. In magnetic field some impact on external objects which are nearby, the most obvious – ability of a magnet to attract metal is felt.
The magnet and its properties were known to both ancient Greeks, and Chinese. They noticed a strange thing: to some natural stones small pieces of iron are attracted. This phenomenon was called at first divine, used in rituals, but with development of natural sciences it became obvious that properties have quite terrestrial nature which was explained for the first time by the physicist from Copenhagen Hans Christiaan Erstead. It opened in 1820 a certain communication at electric discharge of current and a magnet, as generated the doctrine about a current and a magnetic attraction.
Natural science researches
Oersted, making experiments with a magnetic needle and the conductor, noticed the following feature: the category of energy directed aside to an arrow instantly affected it, and it began to deviate.
The arrow always deviated from what party it would not approach.
To continue repeated experiments with a magnet there was a physicist from France Dominique Francois Arago, having taken as a basis the tube from glass rewound by metallic thread in the middle of this subject he established an iron core. By means of electricity, the iron which was inside began to be magnetized sharply, because of it various keys began to stick, but once you disconnected the category, and keys fell on a floor at once. Proceeding from the events of physics from France André Ampere, developed the exact description of all events in this experiment.
Magnetic effect
Today it is obvious that it is not miracles, and in more than unique characteristic of the internal device of electronic schemes which form magnets. The electron which constantly rotates around atom forms that magnetic field. Microatoms have magnetic effect and consist in complete equilibrium, but magnets the attraction influence some types of metals, such as: - iron, - nickel, - cobalt. These metals are called still ferromagnetics. In close proximity with a magnet atoms begin to reconstruct and form magnetic poles at once. Atomic magnetic fields exist in an ordered system, call them still domains. In this characteristic system there are two poles opposite each other - northern and southern.
Application
The North Pole of a magnet attracts to itself southern, but two identical poles at once push away each other.
Modern life without magnetic elements is impossible, they are practically in all technical devices, it both computers, and TVs, and microphones, and many other things. In medicine the magnet in inspections of internals is widely applied, at magnetic therapies.