Cognitive abilities of the person are given by nature, it is important to develop them, since infancy and throughout all life. At advanced age the cognitive processes begin to die away therefore to remain in precise mind and memory it is necessary "to train" a brain.
What does cognitive mean?
For the ordinary person the concept – intellectual or intellectual development is habitual and that cognitive means, not everyone will answer. Cognitive is an informative process at which there is a processing by consciousness of the arriving information, its mental transformation to knowledge, storage and use of the accumulated experience in everyday life.
Cognitive researches
What is cognitive abilities of people, the topic interests psychologists, sociologists, linguists, philosophers. Cognitive researches in different spheres of sciences helps to understand and study the following processes:
- knowledge by the person of the world;
- influence of language and culture on a personal picture of the world (subjective);
- what represents conscious and unconscious and as it is connected with brain activity;
- what cognitive knacks and what are got during the different age periods;
- what means cognitive abilities at artificial intelligence (whether it is possible to create in the future the artificial intelligence which is not conceding to human).
Cognitive psychotherapy
Cognitive therapy is directed to elimination of mistakes in thinking and change of illogical thoughts and beliefs on new, constructive. During the psychotherapy session, the cognitive psychologist pays all attention that the client says as expresses the thoughts. The method of cognitive therapy was opened by A. Beck successfully having applied it on many patients having a depression and affective disorders.
Cognitive thinking
Cognitive abilities of a brain are mental functions of a high order: attention, gnosis, perception, speech, praxis, intelligence. Thinking – one of the most important cognitive processes, is subdivided into three views:
- evident and effective (prevails at children up to 3 years) – the solution of specific objectives, knowledge and the analysis of objects through manipulations with hands.
- evident and figurative – is formed from 4 to 7 years. The solution of tasks by means of operating by fancies.
- distracted – operating by abstract concepts which are difficult for presenting.
Development of cognitive abilities
How to develop cognitive abilities at any age? Normal development of the person assumes interest, inquisitiveness and aspiration in development – it is put by the nature therefore it is important to support it and is in a condition of constant interest in the world and to what occurs around. Since the moment of the birth, cognitive (informative) abilities of the child need development - it has to become one of important tasks of parents.
Development of cognitive abilities in adults
Improvement of cognitive abilities is possible at different age, and it is necessary to exercise in it judgment, using creative approach that it did not seem a routine. Opening in itself research spirit, the person improves the attitude, mood and helps development of the highest mental functions to which cognitive abilities belong. Simple recommendations of psychologists for productive brain activity:
- to brush teeth the left hand (to lefthanders – right);
- following for work to choose a new route;
- to choose the option of physical activity;
- to begin to learn a foreign language;
- solving of crossword puzzles, riddles, charades;
- several minutes a day to do simple things blindly;
- to develop an intuition;
- to refuse junk food in favor of healthy food.
Development of cognitive abilities in children
It is important to develop cognitive skills since the infancy. The modern choice of the developing toys for children is huge, but also you should not neglect make-shifts which are in each house. Cognitive abilities at small children can be developed in the following ways:
- games with grain and buttons (under strict supervision of adults) – oversleeping from a container in a container);
- various finger-type games with nursery rhymes and humourous catchphrases ("forty - a crow", "a finger finger where you were");
- games with water (pouring on tanks).
Gradually games and occupations become complicated and are aimed at the development of motor skills and the speech:
- drawing and coloring;
- drawing up puzzles, mosaics;
- cutting the image on a contour;
- designing;
- learning of verses;
- reading and retelling;
- finding of differences in two identical images;
- composition of stories.
Exercises for development of cognitive abilities
Training of cognitive abilities guarantee of productive longevity and precise mind even in old age. The brain needs the same charging as for a body, it is important to give 15 – 20 minutes a day on exercises, simple, but very useful to brain activity:
- Synchronous drawing. The sheet of paper and 2 pencils will be required. At the same time two hands to draw geometrical figures. It is possible to begin with identical figures for each hand, then to complicate exercise, for example, the left hand to draw a square, and right a triangle. Exercise balances work of both hemispheres of a brain, develops cognitive abilities, motility.
- Words on the contrary. Several times during the day to try heard from other men of his word to say about itself on the contrary.
- Calculation. To execute everything that is subject to calculation important by oral intellectual calculations. To remove the calculator far away.
- Autobiography. There are 2 options of exercise. The person begins to remember and write in the first, making a start from the present moment, and goes deep by the early childhood year after year. In the second option – childhood is described in the beginning.
Loss of cognitive abilities
Cognitive functions and abilities, worsen with age, it is connected with age changes, but it happens to a thicket because of associated diseases and an unhealthy way of life. At the first symptoms it is important to see a doctor for purpose of the supporting therapy. Causes of cognitive violations:
- violation of a homeostasis and metabolism;
- obesity;
- diabetes of the I and II types;
- hypothyroidism;
- arterial hypertension (hypertension);
- violation of brain blood circulation;
- myocardial infarction;
- craniocereberal injuries;
- intake of alcohol and drugs;
- Alzheimer's disease;
- Parkinson's disease.
Classification of cognitive violations:
- Easy cognitive frustration – indicators of tests and psychometrics can be normal or insignificant deviations are observed. The person begins to complain of problems with memory, fast exhaustion, attention too at the same time suffers – concentration decreases.
- Moderate cognitive frustration – about 15% of such form of violations are transformed further to Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia. The symptomatology accrues: deterioration in thinking, memory and speech.
- Heavy cognitive frustration. Are shown after 60 – 65-year age. Pronounced clinical picture, symptomatology characteristic of dementia (weak-mindedness). The person ceases to be guided in space, falls into "children's" age. People with heavy cognitive violations require permanent care and medicamentous therapy.
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