Constant haste, nerves, emotions and lifestyle of the modern person inevitably lead to such phenomenon as a stress. This word more than ever is today at the peak of popularity. Some researches show that it causes diseases of a cardiovascular system and even to formation of cancer cells, long ago is proved by other of them that such shake-up for mentality can lead to neuralgia and a depression. Anyway, the psychology calls for fight against a stress. What to begin also with that needs specifically to be made, will try to sort in more detail.
Concept of a stress of psychology
Stress psychology such is that it to the same extent arises at children and at adults. Its sources are not in mentality, and in a brain of the person. Thus, when the person gets into a situation which can badly end for him, or in that which is not familiar to it, the brain automatically begins to build protection. To some extent it is even useful since the stress promotes adaptation of the person to the changing conditions. However if strong experiences do not take place for a long time, it can lead to psychological and physiological unpleasant consequences for the person.
The Canadian physiologist Hans Selye allocated three main stages of development of a stress:
- Alarm stage. The person is in a condition of caution and tension. In an organism adaptation resources are mobilized and there is such "prestarting readiness". Though physically and morally the person well feels and is in good mood, during this period there can be so-called psychosomatic frustration: migraine, allergy, stomach ulcer or gastritis.
- Resistance stage. Arises if the stress still remains strong. All resources lifted by an organism on adaptation begin to be spent actively. The person does not feel rise in forces any more, but already "entered a working form" and is ready to more or less long overcoming difficulties, despite hardly notable fatigue.
- Exhaustion stage. Comes at long impact of a stress on an organism. The energy spent for fight against circumstances is already exhausted, and moral and physical forces on an outcome. The person has no opportunity to be protected any more. In this case the help can be rendered already from outside in the form of support or elimination of the cause of a stress.
Traumatic and post-traumatic stress
Special form of reaction to negative external impact is the traumatic stress. When the physiological, psychological and adaptation values of the person are already exhausted, he becomes vulnerable and the alarm settles in him. The psychology considers two causes of a traumatic stress:
- the person realizes that happened to him and knows because of what he worsened a condition of mentality;
- the endured event destroys that way of life which before veins of people.
It is important to remember that the person who endured a traumatic stress from outside can seem mad or strange, but actually it is not that. It is normal reaction of mentality to not normal circumstances.
However more worst option of reaction to them is the post-traumatic stress as its psychology has more complex structure. It is type of a mental disorder which develops after the person had to endure spiritual wounds. Most often this phenomenon can be observed at victims of violence, attack, natural disaster or witnesses of accident.
Post-traumatic frustration have several characteristic signs:
- continuous distinct memories of an event;
- problems with concentration of attention and dream;
- avoiding of similar situations and similar places at which there was an event which unsettled the person;
- inability to remember or discuss specific details of what occurred;
- intended isolation, unwillingness to keep in touch and emotional catalepsy.
Prevention of a stress: psychology of disposal of spiritual wounds
The main problem of a stress in psychology consists in impossibility of timely diagnostics. Most often it happens so that symptoms of a strong mental shock are shown only month or three months later after the taken place event. And the victims not always ask for the qualified help and it is not possible to make the diagnosis at the beginning almost. Statistically daily every third resident of the big city is exposed to a stress. In smaller towns where life flows measuredly, this figure is ten times less. A post-traumatic syndrome suffers from about 8% of world's population, and 15% have some signs of this frustration.
How to struggle with a stress? Many methods of prevention can be executed without the assistance of the expert. For example, psychotherapists advise those who constantly lives in a nervous situation and daily comes up against stressful situations:
- it is simpler to treat the taking place events and not to take them very much to heart;
- to learn to think positively, finding positive lines in each incident;
- to switch to pleasant thoughts. If you are overcome by any negative, force themselves to think of something another;
- to laugh more. As is well-known laughter not only prolongs life, but also helps to get rid of nervous tension;
- to be engaged in physical education since the sport well helps to get rid of a negative and to cope with a stress.
And if you want to approach more seriously a question of fight against a stress, it is possible to study psychological literature. For example, the book Yu.V. Shcherbatykh "Psychology of a stress and methods of correction" will help to answer many questions. You will find interpretation of a concept of a stress, theoretical sections, questions on self-examination, psychological tests, exercises and practical tasks in it.
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