History of volleyball contains many centuries, men and women in absolutely different countries like to play it. However all this time the main rules of this fascinating game almost didn't change.
Team sports cultivate will power, ability to achieve the objective in the person, develop agility and endurance. The volleyball, the game capable to bring benefit to active people of all age belongs to such sports. In it play in domestic platforms, stadiums and just on the park lawn, having brought the volleyball net.
Historians claim that the first the similar competition took place between two groups of residents of Rome in the 3rd century BC. And actually rules of volleyball were developed in 1895 by the American physical education teacher William Morgan. Several times made to rules of this popular game minor changes, but the majority of conditions and remain invariable still.
Play area
Be in such team plays as soccer, the hockey and even basketball doesn't exist the general standards of platforms for the game, only the minimum parameters are stipulated. In volleyball everything is much more serious, there is the uniform international size: platform length always 18, and width is 9 meters, and in centimeter it is more or less. Often the result of cross (ace) or hit of the ball out of borders of the platform (out of bounds) depends on each centimeter.
But one interesting variable is in this play: the goal net for men's and women's teams is established on different height. Thanks to such gentlemen's rule considering physical capacities of participants, the women's volleyball is considered very spectacular game.
The platform is symbolically divided into 6 play areas, by the number of active players: three take the position at the goal net, the others disperse closer to the back part of perimeter.
It seems, everything is very simple: two teams of 14 people compete, on 6 players from each party are in the field, other structure expects the line for the platform. However the regulations of the game allow only 6 substitutes from each party.
Participants are faced by two tasks:
- The ball from opponents shouldn't concern half of the platform;
- To force opposing players to make the mistake (the ball touched the goal net or even flew for field borders).
Points in volleyball are awarded to that team which forced the ball to fall to the territory of the opponent. Besides, for each mistake made by the player, points opponents will get. Therefore it is impossible to be mistaken, each miss can become fatal. By the way, before the beginning of the 20th age of the rule were not such severe: points only from the cross were considered, and in the game it was possible not to pay attention to small flaws.
The victory is awarded to team which was in the lead in two of three plaid games. Everyone will proceed until one of teams gains 25 points, at the same time the difference has to be at least in two points. Duration of every period isn't limited, the game will go before obtaining necessary advantage by team.
If the winner wasn't defined, rules allow to play two more games, and in the last charge will go only up to 15 points (sometimes this short set call the time break). But such additional games are plaid seldom, usually the destiny of the game is decided in the first three collisions.
Game begins with cross which is carried out by the player standing behind back border of the field. There are several rules which foul automatically adds the point to opponents:
- The player throws up the ball before himself and crosses it one hand, sending it to the territory of opponents. It is impossible to cross it two hands or just to throw;
- The ball has to fly over the goal net, without having touched it;
- It is impossible to cross very strongly, otherwise the ball can appear abroad platforms (out);
- It is possible to run up or jump up to strengthen kick, but it is impossible to take up for the limiting line.
After cross time of draw of the ball is limited the next 30 seconds, it will be thought by lost differently.
After carried out cross to players from opposite team needs to make a save fields from the part. For this purpose it is possible to make only three contacts: receiving the ball, passing of a ball and return attack. The player can take the ball the hand, the leg or sideways, only not the open naked palm.
In professional volleyball, except cross, distinguish several game terms:
- Reception: it is made by the players who are in platform cent. It is necessary, without detaining the ball, to pass it between the player to other sector whose position is suitable for passing of a ball more. There are several ways to take the ball: from below is two hands, from above two hands or one hand with the subsequent falling. Receiving itself chooses the way, being guided by type and force of cross.
- Pass: by means of this action the attacking player being near the goal net needs to pass the ball. It is the simplest to deliver the top pass when the player finger-tips sends the ball forward or back through the head. Sometimes, if the ball flies low, it is expedient to deliver the lower pass;
- The attack is usually carried out under the goal net, it any participant can execute commands. Usually this kick is carried out after fast running start, in the jump the player throws the ball on the party of opponents. Effective performance of these elements can bring closer team to the victory therefore all players try to create the successful moment for the attacking diving. World-class professional volleyball players can send the ball through the goal net with the speed up to 130 km/h.!
- Block: when opponents attack, it is necessary to block attack, building from two (sometimes three) high players the protective wall. Maneuver purpose: not to allow the ball on the territory and to put in order it to opponents back. The harmonious game of participants can provide successful blocking of attempt of the opponent to throw the ball. The players who are carrying out the barrier can parry kick, getting hands on the territory of the opponent. At the same time they need not to interfere with each other and not to allow injuries. In general, in such group games the unsporting behavior isn't welcomed, for similar the referee can stop the whistle the meeting.
All methods of interaction with the ball are equally important, but the main objective of any combination is the attacking diving bringing the ball to the party of opponents and earning for team the prize-winning point. Usually the attack is carried out by the players able not only to jump high but also to quickly analyze the situation which developed around. At trainings the volleyball players pay much attention not only to the passing ability, but also the theory of the game, ability to count and create advantageous positions.
In volleyball not the really large number of rules, but there are fouls which can lead not only to the loss of points, but also to the possible trauma of athletes:
- Any contact of the goal net (ball, hand or the head) is forbidden;
- It is impossible to take up the territory of opponents;
- It is impossible to block the pass of other player;
- It isn't necessary to detain the ball, all movements have to be rapid and accurate.
- It is impossible to receive and pass the ball palms, but not fingers;
- One player can't concern the ball several times.
In article about volleyball it is difficult not to write about its version which is very much loved by college and school teams. Of course, it is about beach volleyball which rules slightly differ from the classical modern version of the game.
The team in this option of the competition consists of only two people and any substitutes aren't approved. If one of players isn't able to continue, then his team automatically appears lost.
The name speaks for itself, participants play barefoot and in light summer clothes. Duration of the game depends on result: the team which the first will be able to gain the maximum quantity of points in only two parties will win. If necessary one more game, but only up to 15 points is plaid.