Training of the athlete of the international class demands the persistent and hard work for many years. The way from the beginner to the champion can take 8-10 years. During this time it passes several conditional stages, each of which has the tasks and features.
Instruction
1. On the first, preliminary, the stage of preparation health of the beginner becomes stronger, there is his all-round physical development, skills of the proper technique of performance of exercises and interest in sport take root. As a rule, this stage begins in the childhood or at early school age and comes to an end by 13 years. During this time the child manages to become interested in sport and to choose the look in which he wishes to specialize. At this stage it is important not to overload young athletes with physical training: trainings have to take place not more often than 2-3 times a week, and their duration not to exceed 1 hour.
2. At the second stage of preparation the school students of 13-15-year age choose the sports specialization. The overall physical fitness proceeds, distortions and defects in physical development improve, special preparation is gradually entered. The received abilities are improved, interest in the chosen sport is fixed. The volume of trainings smoothly increases to 5 occupations a week, lasting 1-1.5 hours. And it apart from physical education classes at school. At this stage it is important not to overload the athlete with specialized exercises – their volume shouldn't exceed 25% of all volume of occupations. Participation in the set of sports competitions as it can render too high psychological loading is also undesirable.
3. At the age of 16-20 years the athlete begins highly specialized preparation in the chosen sport. The main objective of this stage – motivation of the athlete to high achievements, purposeful work on specialized preparation. Complex trainings alternate with technical, physical, tactical and theoretical occupations. The volume of trainings increases till 6-10 occupations in the week, lasting 1.5-3 hours. The number of responsible competitions can be increased till 12-18 in the year.
4. At the next stage the athlete achieves the maximum results. It begins at the age of 18-20 years and can proceed up to 28-30 years. The main objective during this period – the maximum use of all training means, trainings with the maximum volume and intensity, obligatory competitive practice. Sharply the volume of special, tactical, mental and integrated conditioning increases. At this stage for the athlete it is important to offer all necessary conditions for achievement of the best results in acceptable time.
5. The last stage – preservation of the acquired earlier sporting achievements. This stage is characterized only by individual approach to the athlete as only his training and competition experience can indicate to it its strong and weaknesses and to find the best dl it methods and means of preparation. The efficiency and quality of training process at this stage significantly affects sports longevity of the person. The decrease in potential caused by age changes is compensated by search of individual reserves of growth. Duration of this stage depends only on motivation and the state of health of the athlete.