The ton-kilometer is the concept from the sphere of logistics allowing to estimate efficiency of any given transportations. It can be used on any kind of transport: from animal-drawn to air. But it is most often applied to automobile transportations. To understand what work was performed by your rolling stock, it is necessary to be able to use this unit of measure.
Instruction
1. The ton-kilometer is the cargo weighing one ton transported on distance in one kilometer. Increase number of tons of the delivered goods by the number of kilometers passed at this way. The received number will be a goods turnover indicator for this period of time. For example, if the car in a day transported 5 tons of cargo on distance of 150 km, then goods turnover will make 5? 150 = 750 ton-kilometers. This economic indicator is used for assessment of volume of transportation of goods by this type of transport. Besides, it is necessary for comparison of mechanical force of various types of vehicles and for digitization of the maximum capacity of transport lines.
2. Ton-kilometers are distinguished tariff and operational. To receive a tariff indicator, increase cargo weight by tariff, that is shortest distance between settlements. To receive an operational indicator, determine distance in kilometers, proceeding from actually passable distance.
3. The tariff rates are used for calculation of average range of delivery of cargo in certain borders. In this case the average range of transportation defines any given tariff zone which allows without excess efforts to count the forthcoming expenses. Actually expenses depend on the prime cost of goods turnover. The specific weight of goods is lower, the transportations are more expensive. Besides, has value and speed of delivery, for example, for perishable cargoes. Therefore the tariff rates depend also on types of cargoes.
4. Besides, ton-kilometers are divided on net and gross. To receive net - goods turnover, increase the mass of the delivered freight, including the weight of its container by the distance in kilometers of the passable distance. To receive gross - goods turnover, increase by length of the passable way not only the mass of cargo, but also mass of transport (truck, the car, the barge, etc.). Naturally, units of measure have to be the general - tons.