The theory of the organizations is one of key objects of administrative specialties. He explains essence and the nature of firms and also gives the great theoretical platform for creation and business management of any level of organization. Better to understand essence, we will consider the main scientific categories.
Object of a research are ways of the organization of various matters.
Object of research – interactions and communications between structural components of complete formations and also the processes connected with the organization or disorganization of a system.
The theory of the organizations in this case – the system of knowledge which generalizes all experience on a research of essence of the studied objects. She is called to explain the nature of things and also laws of their functioning.
Proceeding from the definitions given above, one may say, that the theory of the organizations is the science studying ways, models and the directions of interaction of elements of a system and also a way of achievement of the goal, a certain structure of objects.
It is accepted to call process of achievement of the goal in science method. They can be subdivided into general scientific and specific.
Carry to general scientific methods of the theory of the organization:
- Historical approach. A research of history of origin of the organizations are connected with this purpose and also finding of the general regularities of their transition from one state to another.
- Integrated approach. Concretizes the gained knowledge and allows to use their expedient unity.
- System approach. Considers process of achievement of the goal as the system of the interconnected elements. Allows to carry out tasks at various levels, thereby achieving a common goal.
- Abstract and analytical method. Finding of laws and rules which are carried out for any purposes.
- Statistical method. Accounting of the factors and phenomena influencing achievement of result and determination of frequency of their repeatability.
- Construction and studying the simplified model of the organization.
Specific methods depend directly on the organization and a goal. For example, the research of sociological problems widely uses such method as polls, observations and questionnaires.