The modern city water supply system is the complex technical system consisting of a large number of constructions, stations, knots. The water system is intended, first of all, for uninterrupted providing the population with water, irrespective of calendar season.
Ways of laying of a water supply system
The operability of a city water supply system is provided with smooth functioning of all its main subsystems (hydrotechnical water intakes, stations of water treatment, external and internal the systems of water supply, the system of distribution of water and so on).
At all stages of design and performance of construction works on commissioning of highways of a water supply system the condition of its working capacity in the conditions of low temperatures is surely considered.
There are several ways of laying of an external part (out of buildings and constructions) the water system: land, underground, channel and others.
Why water in pipes does not freeze?
At underground laying of a water supply system for prevention of freezing of water in the winter in pipes surely provide depth of mortgaging of a system which has to be more, than soil freezing depth. Freezing depth in different regions of the country differs and therefore at design this fact is surely considered in construction standards. Also for the water system the special isolated pipes having low heat conductivity are used. At elevated laying, besides use of additional thermal insulation, options of the integrated system (together with thermal network) laying of pipes, or options of use of various warming elements, for example, of cables can be used.
Water input to the building, as a rule, is carried out through the base or a wall of the basement.
In the building of a subsystem of network of a water supply system, consisting of eyeliners and struts, can be with the lower distributing (the parting system is in the bottom of buildings) or with the top distributing (the parting system is on the top floor or the attic) and, regardless of it, all elements of a water supply system are in the conditions protected from possible freezing.
Pressure in pipes
Full operation of any water system requires the main condition – presence of the required water pressure in a water supply system. Freezing of water at low temperatures is also excluded because at operation of a water supply system there is a regular consumption of water promoting continuous circulation of a water stream. Besides, continuous circulation of water happens also during lack of a consumption of water, due to continuous change of pressure and maintenance of its necessary level that too plays a large role in prevention of freezing in pipes as outside, and in buildings.