Chemical element beryllium belongs to the II group of periodic Mendeleev's system, it represents light fragile metal of light gray color with characteristic gloss. Mechanical properties of beryllium depend on degree of its purity and a method of heat treatment.
Instruction
1. Beryllium — a rare element, it meets in alkaline, subalkaline and sour magmas. About 40 of its minerals are known, practical values have the greatest: beryl, chrysoberyl, gelvin, fenakit and bertrandit. This chemical element is present at tissues of many animals and plants, participating in exchange of magnesium and phosphorus in a bone tissue.
2. At beryllium a hexagonal plotnoupakovanny crystal lattice, it has high thermal capacity, and its density is less, than at aluminum. At it the low resistance, and this property depends on quality of metal and considerably changes with a temperature.
3. Mechanical properties of beryllium depend on texture and the size of grain which is defined by method of its processing. Under the influence of pressure there is an anisotropy, this metal passes from a fragile state into plastic at a temperature 200-400os.
4. Beryllium dvukhvalenten in connections, it has high chemical activity. On air this metal is steady thanks to a strong thin film of its oxide, but when heating over 800 OS quickly are oxidized. It practically does not interact with water if temperature is lower than 100 wasps, but is easily dissolved in the hydrochloric, fluoric and diluted with a chamois acids.
5. With fluorine beryllium interacts at the room temperature, with nitrogen — at 650 OS, forming nitride, with carbohydrate — at 1200 OS, as a result of this reaction receive carbide. With hydrogen beryllium practically does not react in all temperature range.
6. In the industry metal beryllium is received by processing of beryl in a hydroxide or sulfate. Beryl is cemented with chalk or lime, processed sulfuric acid, the formed sulfate is leached water and besieged ammonia.
7. Preparations for products from beryllium are prepared by methods of powder metallurgy — it is crushed, and then subjected to hot pressing in a vacuum at a temperature 1140-1180os. Pipes and profiles receive by method hot (at 800-1050os) or warm (at 400-500os) expression.
8. Beryllium is a part of many alloys on the basis of magnesium, copper, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals, it is applied to a superficial berillization of steel. This chemical element intensively radiates neutrons when bombing by alpha particles that allows to use successfully it in neutron sources on the basis of polonium, plutonium, radium and actinium.