The dialectics has a direct bearing on ideas of interrelation of the phenomena and general variability of the world. Already ancient philosophers noted that the reality surrounding the person is not static, and constantly changes. Further these views found reflection in a dialectic method of knowledge.
Instruction
1. In philosophy understand the theory of development and an independent method of knowledge of the world as dialectics. The first sprouts of the doctrine about the general movement and communication between the phenomena in the nature and society had spontaneous character. The Ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus became the spokesman of such dialectic views. He considered that the nature represents circulation of the changing events that in the world there is nothing constant.
2. Naive views of antique philosophers were a consequence of usual contemplation of surrounding reality. Scientific antiquities had no idea of various forms of motion of matter, data on which became available only centuries later. Efforts of philosophers were directed first of all to identification of the general regularities to which human thinking in the dialectic movement from ignorance to knowledge submits.
3. At the time of the Middle Ages of the dialectician turned into the instrument of conducting discussions. At discussion of philosophical questions the scientists resorted to arguments which formed the basis of a dialectic method subsequently. However in those days the dialectics continued to be under strong influence of idealistic views on the nature and society. In the center of consideration the movement and development of a thought, but not different forms of matter most often lay.
4. In a complete look the theory and methodological fundamentals of dialectics were developed by the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Being one of the most prominent representatives of objective idealism, Hegel created the system of dialectics which differed in extreme symmetry though had also contradictions, ineradicable within idealism. The categories and laws output by the German thinker formed the basis of a dialectic method which gained development in works of founders of the Marxist theory subsequently.
5. The powerful contribution to formation of dialectics was rendered by representatives of Marxism: K. Marx, F. Engels and V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin). Marx cleaned Hegel's dialectics from idealistic contents, having kept basic categories and the principles of this method of knowledge. So there was a dialectic materialism which considered all changes in the nature and society from positions of domination of matter over consciousness and thinking. The annex of dialectics to development of society therefore the historical materialism appeared became the following step.
6. The modern dialectics represents the complete system of categories, principles and laws through which the general relationship between the phenomena observed in the nature, society and thinking reveals. The dialectics claims that all phenomena and processes in the world are in continuous unity and the movement. Interacting among themselves, objects influence at each other, submitting to cause and effect regularities.
7. The doctrine about general development says that everything in the world has the beginning, consistently passes through several stages of formation then naturally dies away, turning into other quality. These provisions of dialectics reflect features of the reality surrounding the person in the most exact form.