In definition of some parts of speech, for example the verb, a noun, difficulties usually does not arise. To distinguish an adverb from a pretext to a descent it turns out not always: words homonyms demand for the correct assessment of additional knowledge, ability to competently "test" them regarding belonging to a certain part of speech.
Instruction
1. Remember at first that such adverb and a pretext, their essential signs. The adverb is the unchangeable word most often designating signs of action or a state. The adverb answers the questions "when?", "where?", "as?", "where?", "from where?", "in what degree?", "why?", "what for?", etc. Examples: "to work honestly", "to come back home", "to rise early", "it is absolutely sure", "it is very attentive", "it is extremely scattered", "flared up in a temper", "to spite of the neighbor".
2. At an adverb: - there are no terminations (a vowel at the end of adverbs - a suffix); - there is no communication with a case form of a noun. The adverb is easily replaced with other analog, a faithful word ("for nothing - in vain", "then - then").
3. Read two offers. "He took several steps ("where?") towards". Here "towards" - an adverb. "Towards to guests there were all members of household". In this case the same word - a pretext. Thus, adverbs play a certain syntactic role in the offer, and pretexts do not. In this example an adverb "towards" as the non-inflected part of speech has no defined and dependent words, and adjoins a verb as a circumstance. A pretext "towards" - the function word used in the second offer for communication of nouns with in other words.
4. Remember morphology, the section on pretexts. Pretexts are simple ("without", pro, "from", "on", "with", "at", etc.) and derivatives. Education of the last - result of transition to them: adverbs ("to live opposite to the wood"); nouns ("to agree about a meeting"); adverbial participles ("thanks to support").
5. One of the main differences of adverbs from pretexts: it is impossible to ask a question to derivative pretexts, they cannot designate specific actions, signs or objects, though are formed of significant parts of speech. Compare two offers: "I know this area ("as?") up and down" ("lengthways" - an adverb) and "We went along break" (the same word here - a pretext). "Close the lake was seen" - the question "where?" in this offer can be set, the word "near" here an adverb means. In an example "Near the road cows were grazed" the pretext "close" is equivalent to a simple pretext "at" (compare: "at the road cows were grazed").