Both for school students, and for entrants one of the most difficult tasks is analysis of the offer. If to learn to do correctly syntactic analysis, it will allow to increase punctuation literacy. Well representing structure of sentence, the person usually does not make mistakes at statement of punctuation marks. Syntactic analysis of the offer can be carried out according to the following scheme.
Instruction
1. Emphasize sentence parts (subject, a predicate, secondary parts of the sentence). Specify predicate type (simple verbal, compound verbal, compound nominal) and categories of secondary parts of the sentence (for example, for pronouns: personal, returnable, possesive, index, etc.). Specify ways of expression of all sentence parts (for example, "A ball - the subject, is expressed by a noun in the Nominative case of singular of a masculine gender").
2. Characterize the offer on the statement purpose (narrative, incentive, interrogative); on intonation (exclamatory or not exclamatory); on presence of minor members (widespread or not widespread); on presence of the passed members (full or incomplete). In incomplete specify what member (or members) offers are missed.
3. Specify simple (contains one grammatical basis) or a compound sentence (contains two and more grammatical bases). If a compound sentence, define its type: compound, complex, conjunctionless, with different types of communication.
4. Define mononuclear (one principal part of the sentence) or two-member (presence of both main members). If in a mononuclear sentence the main member is only the subject, then this nominal sentence. Mononuclear sentences with the main member a predicate can be personal, indefinite-personal, generally - personal, impersonal.
5. Define the complicated or uncomplicated offer. Specify in the complicated offers by what it is complicated: homogeneous parts of the sentence, direct speech, address, parenthesises, parenthetical and plug-in constructions, loose parts of the sentence. Additions, definitions (applications including), the definitions expressed by a participial phrase, the circumstances expressed by a verbal adverb phrase belong to loose parts of the sentence.
6. Define type of a subordinate clause as a part of difficult: to what sentence part also its part of speech and also what question answers (for example belongs if it to a noun and a pronoun, answers the question "what?" – an attributive subordinate clause) and than joins (the union or a connective word).
7. Make the scheme which can be linear or hierarchical for a compound sentence.