Ammonium acetate, other name ammonium acetic – the salt formed by weak acetic CH3COOH acid and the weak basis NH4OH ammonium hydroxide. Its empirical formula C2H7NO2. Appearance – the colourless crystals which are very well dissolved in water. It is very hygroscopic. Easily decays at a temperature about 112 degrees, reaction leads to formation of acetamide (substances with a formula C2H5 ON) and waters. How it is possible to receive ammonium acetate?
Instruction
1. Acetate of ammonium is received in vitro, for example, by interaction concentrated, that is ice acetic acid and ammonium carbonic (other name - an ammonium carbonate). Reaction proceeds with formation of acetate of ammonium and unstable coal acid (H2CO3) which immediately decays on water and carbon dioxide.
2. It is also possible to flow 80% acetic acid to 10% solution of ammonia (liquid ammonia). Reaction is carried out at low temperatures, for example, having lowered a flask with reagents in a vessel with chipped ice, and at vigorous stirring. The filtrate is evaporated, receiving ammonium acetate.
3. Acetate of ammonium can also be received in vitro from a nitrile of acetic acid (acetonitrile), when heating with water. Reaction proceeds thus: CH3CN + 2H2O = CH3COONH4
4. In industrial conditions, the main way of production of acetate of ammonium – reaction of acetic acid with water solution of ammonia (analog of laboratory way number 2). Thus, receive or the diluted product of different degree of concentration (for use as anti-icers, for example), or subject it to the subsequent evaporation, an osushka and cleaning.
5. A number of acetate of ammonium, as a by-product, turns out also at chemical treatment of wood ammonia, as a result of cellulose diacylation.