Hexane – the liquid saturated hydrocarbon having formula C6H14. It is used as solvent, thinner for paints and varnishes and also at extraction of vegetable oils. But, mainly, hexane is applied as raw materials to receiving benzene. Benzene – the most ordinary representative of aromatic hydrocarbons, represents himself liquid with characteristic, quite pleasant smell. Has chemical formula C6H6. It is widely used as raw materials for production of plastic, dyes, medicines. How it is possible to receive benzene from N hexane?
Instruction
1. To receive benzene from hexane use so-called "aromatization of hexane". It is reaction occurs when the linear molecule of hexane turns into "closed", with a simultaneous otshchepleniye of "excess" atoms of hydrogen. Reaction goes according to the following scheme: C6H14 = C6H6 + 4H2. An indispensable condition for the above-stated reaction are high temperatures (about 520-550 degrees), pressure, use of chromic or aluminum catalysts with the thin film of such expensive material applied on them as the platinum containing additives of some other metals.
2. Also you can receive benzene from hexane and with the help cyclohexane dehydrogenation. This reaction takes place in two stages. At first from hexane, "chipping off" trailer atoms of hydrogen, receive cyclohexane according to the following scheme: C6H14 = C6H12 + H2.
3. Then, by further dehydrogenation, turn cyclohexane into benzene. Reaction will look as follows: C6H12 = C6H6 + 3H2. Here too the increased temperature and the same pressure will be necessary for you. Also use nickel catalysts.
4. As it is easily possible to make sure from above-mentioned ways, such reactions are feasible only in industrial conditions as the special equipment maintaining high temperatures and pressure is required. Not to mention use of the catalysts containing so expensive metal as platinum. Therefore in vitro the N hexane as raw materials is not suitable for receiving benzene.