Some plants are pollinated by means of wind, others attract butterflies, flies, bugs, bumblebees and bees in order that, eating pollen, the insect surely touched boots and a snout of a pestle. The first plants are anemogamous, the second — nasekomoopylyaemy, and each type has features and special devices for pollination.
Features of the structure of flowers
Flowers of anemogamous plants very numerous and small, at the same time they produce a lot of pollen. As a rule, it is the ordinary-looking flowers collected in small hardly noticeable inflorescences. Most often anemogamous plants grow big groups, among them it is possible to find both herbs, and trees with bushes. One plant can give millions of pollen grains. At some anemogamous trees the flowers appear still before leaves were dismissed.
At anemogamous plants pollen easy, small and dry, stamens usually have long tychinochny thread, and the boot is taken out out of flower limits. Snouts of pestles shaggy and long, so they catch the motes flying in air better. At nasekomoopylyaemy plants flowers large, single, often they are brightly painted. In the depth of a flower sweet nectar, pollen sticky and rough is produced, it easily sticks to a shaggy body of an insect.
The flowers pollinated by wind are almost completely deprived of aroma, nectar and coloring. At the same time there are no sticking together substances, and pollen almost always has a smooth surface. Though anemogamous flowers can be visited quite often by insects, these carriers do not play a large role for plants.
Devices for entomophily
Important sign of a nasekomoopylyaemy plant — existence of nektarnik, flowers can have the smell attractive to different insects, or smell especially strongly in a certain time of day. The structure of many flowers coincides by the sizes and a form with the structure of a body of the insect who is his pollinator. Some evolutionarily developed flowers form the difficult passes and traps forcing insects to get into them and to come to light on the necessary way, especially it is characteristic of orchid family. As a result the boot and a snout touch the carrier's body in points, necessary for pollination, and in the strict sequence.
Devices for pollination by wind
Pollen distribution by wind is uncontrollable process, at the same time the probability that pollen grains will get on a snout of own flower is high. For a plant self-pollination — the undesirable phenomenon therefore at vetroopylyamy flowers the numerous devices interfering it are developed. Flowers of many anemogamous plants diclinous. At some cereals at disclosure of a flower of a stamen begin grow very quickly, the boot is bent, forming a peculiar bowl where pollen pours out. Thus, she does not fall down on the soil, and expects a wind gust.